新技術(shù)可捕獲大氣中的二氧化碳 改善全球變暖問(wèn)題
Researchers have developed a new material that can sextively capture carbon dioxide molecules, and efficiently convert them into useful organic products -- an advance that may help develop new ways to contain global greenhouse gas emissions.
譯文簡(jiǎn)介
研究人員已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出一種新材料，可以選擇性地捕獲二氧化碳分子，并有效地將它們轉(zhuǎn)化為有用的有機(jī)產(chǎn)品——這一進(jìn)展可能有助于開(kāi)發(fā)新的方法來(lái)控制全球溫室氣體排放。
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Researchers have developed a new material that can sextively capture carbon dioxide molecules, and efficiently convert them into useful organic products -- an advance that may help develop new ways to contain global greenhouse gas emissions.
研究人員已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出一種新材料，可以選擇性地捕獲二氧化碳分子，并有效地將它們轉(zhuǎn)化為有用的有機(jī)產(chǎn)品——這一進(jìn)展可能有助于開(kāi)發(fā)新的方法來(lái)控制全球溫室氣體排放。
The researchers, including those from Kyoto University in Japan, said that the new material had high affinity towards carbon dioxide molecules, and can quickly and effectively convert it into useful organic materials.
包括日本京都大學(xué)的研究人員在內(nèi)的研究人員表示，這種新材料對(duì)二氧化碳分子有很高的親和力，可以迅速有效地將其轉(zhuǎn)化為有用的有機(jī)材料。
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包括日本京都大學(xué)的研究人員在內(nèi)的研究人員表示，這種新材料對(duì)二氧化碳分子有很高的親和力，可以迅速有效地將其轉(zhuǎn)化為有用的有機(jī)材料。
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The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, noted that a possible way to counteract the excess carbon dioxide produced from burning fossil fuels was to capture and sequester the greenhouse gas from the atmosphere.
這項(xiàng)發(fā)表在《自然通訊》雜志上的研究指出，抵消化石燃料燃燒產(chǎn)生的過(guò)量二氧化碳的一種可能方法是捕獲并隔離大氣中的溫室氣體。
這項(xiàng)發(fā)表在《自然通訊》雜志上的研究指出，抵消化石燃料燃燒產(chǎn)生的過(guò)量二氧化碳的一種可能方法是捕獲并隔離大氣中的溫室氣體。
However, the researchers said that currently available methods were highly energy intensive to do so.
然而，研究人員表示，目前的方法是高度能源密集型的。
然而，研究人員表示，目前的方法是高度能源密集型的。
The new material developed by the researchers is a porous polymer -- PCP, also known as MOF or metal-organic frxwork -- consisting of zinc metal ions.
研究人員開(kāi)發(fā)的新材料是一種多孔聚合物——PCP，也被稱為MOF或金屬有機(jī)骨架，由鋅金屬離子組成。
研究人員開(kāi)發(fā)的新材料是一種多孔聚合物——PCP，也被稱為MOF或金屬有機(jī)骨架，由鋅金屬離子組成。
The researchers tested this material using X-ray structural analysis, and found that it can sextively capture only carbon dioxide molecules with ten times more efficiency than other PCPs.
研究人員用x射線結(jié)構(gòu)分析測(cè)試了這種材料，發(fā)現(xiàn)它只能選擇性地捕獲二氧化碳分子，效率是其他pcp的十倍。
研究人員用x射線結(jié)構(gòu)分析測(cè)試了這種材料，發(fā)現(xiàn)它只能選擇性地捕獲二氧化碳分子，效率是其他pcp的十倍。
The study noted that the material has an organic component with a propeller-like molecular structure.
該研究指出，該材料有一個(gè)有機(jī)成分，具有類(lèi)似螺旋槳的分子結(jié)構(gòu)。
該研究指出，該材料有一個(gè)有機(jī)成分，具有類(lèi)似螺旋槳的分子結(jié)構(gòu)。
When carbon dioxide molecules approach the structure, the researchers said that the molecule rotated and rearranged to trap the gas molecules.
當(dāng)二氧化碳分子接近這種結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，研究人員說(shuō)，這種分子會(huì)旋轉(zhuǎn)和重新排列來(lái)捕獲氣體分子。
當(dāng)二氧化碳分子接近這種結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，研究人員說(shuō)，這種分子會(huì)旋轉(zhuǎn)和重新排列來(lái)捕獲氣體分子。
This resulted in slight changes to the molecular channels within the PCP, allowing it to act as a sieve which can recognize molecules by their size and shape, the study noted.
研究指出，這導(dǎo)致PCP內(nèi)的分子通道發(fā)生輕微的變化，使其成為一個(gè)可以根據(jù)分子大小和形狀識(shí)別分子的篩子。
研究指出，這導(dǎo)致PCP內(nèi)的分子通道發(fā)生輕微的變化，使其成為一個(gè)可以根據(jù)分子大小和形狀識(shí)別分子的篩子。
The researchers said that the PCP is also recyclable with the efficiency of the trapping process not decreasing even after 10 reaction cycles.
研究人員說(shuō)，PCP也是可回收的，即使經(jīng)過(guò)10個(gè)反應(yīng)周期，捕獲過(guò)程的效率也不會(huì)降低。
研究人員說(shuō)，PCP也是可回收的，即使經(jīng)過(guò)10個(gè)反應(yīng)周期，捕獲過(guò)程的效率也不會(huì)降低。
"One of the greenest approaches to carbon capture is to recycle the carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals, such as cyclic carbonates which can be used in petrochemicals and pharmaceuticals," said co-author of the study Susumu Kitagawa from Kyoto University.
京都大學(xué)的Susumu Kitagawa是這項(xiàng)研究的合著者，他說(shuō):“最環(huán)保的碳捕獲方法之一是將二氧化碳循環(huán)成高價(jià)值的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，比如可用于石化和制藥的環(huán)狀碳酸鹽?！?/b>
京都大學(xué)的Susumu Kitagawa是這項(xiàng)研究的合著者，他說(shuō):“最環(huán)保的碳捕獲方法之一是將二氧化碳循環(huán)成高價(jià)值的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，比如可用于石化和制藥的環(huán)狀碳酸鹽?！?/b>
The researchers said that the captured gas molecules could be converted and used to make polyurethane -- a material with a wide variety of applications including clothing, domestic appliances and packaging.
研究人員表示，捕獲的氣體分子可以被轉(zhuǎn)化并用于制造聚氨酯——一種應(yīng)用廣泛的材料，包括服裝、家用電器和包裝。
研究人員表示，捕獲的氣體分子可以被轉(zhuǎn)化并用于制造聚氨酯——一種應(yīng)用廣泛的材料，包括服裝、家用電器和包裝。
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Yes, everyone, we know trees and algae already do this, and yes we should protect both, but having the option to create something like this is also helpful, because it takes time for trees and algae to regrow.
是的，我們已經(jīng)知道樹(shù)木和藻類(lèi)會(huì)這樣做了，我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)這兩樣?xùn)|西，但選擇創(chuàng)造這樣的東西也是有幫助的，因?yàn)闃?shù)木和藻類(lèi)也是需要時(shí)間來(lái)再生的。
Plants are only 1-2% efficient. Solar is 20 something % efficient. Depending in the energetics of the CO2 capture it may be more productive to build carbon capture solutions than grow them.
植物的轉(zhuǎn)化效率只有1-2%。太陽(yáng)能電池的轉(zhuǎn)化效率是20%左右。根據(jù)二氧化碳捕獲能量的原理，來(lái)建立碳捕獲解決方案可能比種植植物更有效。
But this approach only captures free CO2 molecules, and doesn''''t undergo the energetically expensive task of converting them into useful carbon chains. Without this step, this material could be useful for selling CO2 obtained from the atmosphere, but it doesn''''t sequester carbon, which is accomplished by living biomass. It could possibly be useful for sequestering carbon if it were buried deep in the ground after a single use.
但是這種方法只能捕獲游離的二氧化碳分子，而不需要花費(fèi)大量的能量將它們轉(zhuǎn)化成有用的碳鏈。如果沒(méi)有這一步，那這種材料只是單純的從大氣中收集二氧化碳，不能像植物那樣隔離碳，這是由生物質(zhì)的作用完成的。如果它在使用一次后被深埋在地下，它可能對(duì)隔離碳很有用。
I think their point is that plants are much less efficient at capturing solar energy to do the work of sequestration. With solar panels, the carbon could be captured and sequestered with less sunlight than plants.
Once captured, there are lots of processes that can be used to sequester it, like the Bosch reaction which converts CO2 and H2 to graphite (C) and H20.
我認(rèn)為他們的觀點(diǎn)是，植物吸收太陽(yáng)能的效率要低得多。有了太陽(yáng)能電池板，就可以比植物更效率的捕獲并隔離碳。
一旦捕獲，有許多措施可以用來(lái)隔離它，如博世反應(yīng)，將二氧化碳和氫氣轉(zhuǎn)化為碳和水。
Imagin a Process that automated turning sunlight, wind and CO2 into carbon fibre.
想象一下將陽(yáng)光、風(fēng)能和二氧化碳自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為碳纖維的過(guò)程。
It could possibly be useful for sequestering carbon if it were buried deep in the ground after a single use.
There''''s a lot of active research in geological carbon storage right now. Research was initially propelled as an enhanced oil recovery tech, but is coming into its own as a climate change tech. The biggest barrier to practicality is sequestering enough atmospheric carbon (at a cost people are currently willing to pay) to make a dent in climate change.
-“如果它在使用一次后被深埋在地下，它可能對(duì)隔離碳很有用?！?br /> 目前在地質(zhì)碳儲(chǔ)存方面有很多積極的研究。研究最初是作為增強(qiáng)石油開(kāi)采技術(shù)而推進(jìn)的，但現(xiàn)在正逐漸成為一種氣候變化相關(guān)技術(shù)。實(shí)用性的最大障礙是隔離足夠的大氣碳(以人們目前愿意支付的代價(jià))，以削弱氣候變化。
Are you comparing the electricity efficiancy of trees and solar pannels? I don''''t get what you are trying to compare.
But even then planting trees is a low tech solution that can be used in conjunction with higher tech solutions. This diversity is a good thing.
你是在比較樹(shù)木和太陽(yáng)能電池板的能效嗎?我不明白你想比較什么。
但即便如此，植樹(shù)仍然是一種低技術(shù)的解決方案，可以與更高技術(shù)的解決方案結(jié)合使用。這種多樣性是一件好事。
What is like to know is who funded this research?
有人知道都有誰(shuí)資助了這項(xiàng)研究嗎？
It says who right in the journal article at the end:
This work was supported by
the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Outstanding Youth (grant number BK20180105),
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 21401087, 21401086),
PAPD and TAPP of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,
JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research (Grant no. 25000007) and
Scientific Research (S) (JP18H05262). We also thank the support from WPI-iCeMS.
雜志文章最后說(shuō):
這項(xiàng)工作得到了以下單位的支持
江蘇省優(yōu)秀青年自然科學(xué)基金(資助號(hào):BK20180105)
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(資助號(hào)21401087、21401086)
江蘇省高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)江蘇高校優(yōu)勢(shì)學(xué)科建設(shè)工程資助項(xiàng)目和江蘇高校品牌專業(yè)建設(shè)工程資助項(xiàng)目，
日本振興委員會(huì) KAKENHI特別促進(jìn)研究補(bǔ)助金(資助號(hào):25000007)和
科研所(S) (JP18H05262)。我們也感謝世平集團(tuán)整合細(xì)胞材料學(xué)的支持。
Question - doesn’t the energy production required to bind CO2 into new molecules itself require the release of a similar amount of CO2 as a byproduct (assuming fossil fuels). I always thought it was kind of a zero sum situation with thermodynamics.
提問(wèn)-難道將二氧化碳結(jié)合到新分子中所需要的能量生產(chǎn)本身不需要釋放出等量的二氧化碳作為副產(chǎn)品嗎(假設(shè)是化石燃料)?我一直認(rèn)為熱力學(xué)是一種零和的情況。
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Energy production does not have to require co2 release. Solar, wind, nuclear, geothermal, tidal, to name a few.
不是所有能源生產(chǎn)都需要釋放二氧化碳。太陽(yáng)能，風(fēng)能，核能，地?zé)?，潮汐，等等?/b>
But until we’re 100% energy neutral in our power production, any new renewable energy sources would be better spent just replacing fossil fuels. It’s like spending energy scooping water out of a sinking ship instead of using that energy to patch the hole.
Not to take away from the importance of the discovery. I’m just afraid we won’t be able to use it until we’re 100% neutral.
但是，在我們的電力生產(chǎn)達(dá)到100%的碳中性（即不產(chǎn)生額外的二氧化碳）之前，任何新的可再生能源都應(yīng)該更好地用于替代化石燃料。這就像花精力從一艘正在下沉的船上舀水，而不是拿這些精力用來(lái)修補(bǔ)漏洞。
并不是要否定這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要性。我只是擔(dān)心在我們達(dá)到100%碳中性之前我們無(wú)法使用它。
We don''''t have to be 100% neutral. There are regions of the world where it will not be difficult to go over 100% of electricity needs, and areas where it will be difficult. The areas where it''''s easier, like the sunny desert, or windy Scotland, can use the excess energy they produce to put into carbon capture.
我們不必一定要百分百碳中性。世界上有些地區(qū)的電力生產(chǎn)很容易達(dá)到100%碳中性，有些地區(qū)則很難達(dá)到。那些比較容易的地區(qū)，比如陽(yáng)光充足的沙漠，或者多風(fēng)的蘇格蘭，可以利用它們產(chǎn)生的多余能量用來(lái)捕獲碳。
I always assumed "100% neutral" didn''''t mean everything that everyone everywhere did was carbon neutral. I figured it was a net 100%. Some things like airliners, laptops and making sterile plastic in hospitals would be carbon producers but other things would be negative carbon.
我總是說(shuō)“100%碳中性”并不意味著世界上每個(gè)人做的每件事都是碳中性的。我認(rèn)為它是個(gè)凈百分百。像制造飛機(jī)、筆記本電腦和無(wú)菌塑料這樣的東西會(huì)產(chǎn)生碳，但其他東西會(huì)吸收碳。
But until we’re 100% energy neutral in our power production, any new renewable energy sources would be better spent just replacing fossil fuels. It’s like spending energy scooping water out of a sinking ship instead of using that energy to patch the hole.
While that''''s true now the hope is that eventually it won''''t be. We are just getting to the point in a few places that renewables are in significant surplus at times. That could be the time that these units are powered up.
Eventually this type of system could be used for rapid sequestration based on extremely cheap renewables. So let''''s get it ready now.
-“...這就像花精力從一艘正在下沉的船上舀水，而不是拿這些精力用來(lái)修補(bǔ)漏洞。”
雖然我們現(xiàn)在的狀況是這樣，但希望以后不會(huì)是這樣。在一些地方，可再生能源有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)大量過(guò)剩。在這種地方新技術(shù)就有用了。
最終，這種新技術(shù)可以利用廉價(jià)的可再生能源快速隔離二氧化碳。讓我們拭目以待吧。
True but also all generated energy is not necessarily utilized and the cost of getting renewable energy in some areas is more than other.
Eg. You could have a huge solar farm in the desert that can generate far more energy than it can distribute. On the other hand you can have places that are not good at generating renewable energy efficiently
的確如此，但并非所有的產(chǎn)生的能源都被利用，而且在一些地區(qū)獲得可再生能源的成本比其他地區(qū)要高。
如。你可以在沙漠里建一個(gè)巨大的太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電廠，產(chǎn)生的能量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)它所能輸送的能量。另一方面，有些地方則沒(méi)有條件高效地生產(chǎn)可再生能源
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Seems like a carbon tax with cap and trade would be good for this system. Set up an off grid plant in a really ideal location for renewables and sell credits to some other country.
似乎碳排放稅和排放限制與額度交易對(duì)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)是有好處的。在一個(gè)對(duì)可再生能源來(lái)說(shuō)非常理想的地方建一個(gè)離網(wǎng)工廠，然后把碳信用賣(mài)給其他國(guó)家。
Yes. From a physics standpoint; this is exactly the kind of thing money is good for. Transferring value of a thing from one time or place to another where it can be useful.
是的。從物理學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看;這正是金錢(qián)的好處。把一件東西的價(jià)值從一個(gè)時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)它可能有用的地方。
That’s a good point. This could be a great way to use excess energy when there’s no where to “put” it.
說(shuō)得好。當(dāng)沒(méi)有地方可以“放置”多余的能量，這可能是一種利用多余能量的好方法。
even on a local level, you will probably have to build more capacity than you need on average – you need to be able to satisfy peak demand on bad days, after all. That means you''''ll have overproduction on good days and when demand is low. Energy intensive processes like carbon capture or hydrogen production through electrolysis could be useful ways to utilize the excess energy.
即便是在城市里，你可能也不得不建造比平均需求更多的產(chǎn)能——畢竟，你需要在糟糕天氣的時(shí)候滿足用電峰值需求。這意味著在好天氣和需求低的時(shí)候，你會(huì)有產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩。像碳捕獲或電解制氫這樣的能源密集型過(guò)程可能是利用多余能源的有效途徑。