日本：衰退的經(jīng)濟【上】
Japan - The Fading Economy
譯文簡介
日本是第一個、經(jīng)濟持續(xù)高速增長的現(xiàn)代亞洲國家。戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束以后，日本為此做出了很多努力，在盟友的幫助之下，它得以重建，完成了自己的現(xiàn)代工業(yè)革命。
正文翻譯
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Japan became the first of the modern Asian countries to experience massive sustained economic growth. Japan had a lot going for it after the end of the war, it was able to rebuild with the help of the allies and go through its own modern industrial revolution. In the 1960’s japan was growing at a rate of 10% a year which for a national economy was unheard of at the time, this economic growth continued and japan was able to ride the wave of globalisation as the worlds low cost manufacturer. Japan developed a huge car industry, it was at the forefront of consumer electronics and was working meticulously to make sure that this new found wealth was being invested wisely into infrastructure like high speed rail, airports and metro systems that would make their economy even more efficient.
日本是第一個、經(jīng)濟持續(xù)高速增長的現(xiàn)代亞洲國家。戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束以后，日本為此做出了很多努力，在盟友的幫助之下，它得以重建，完成了自己的現(xiàn)代工業(yè)革命。1960年代，日本的每年的增長速度達到了10%，在那個時候，一個國家的經(jīng)濟能實現(xiàn)這樣的增長，是前所未聞的。這樣的經(jīng)濟增速持續(xù)了多年，使得日本能夠乘著全球化的浪潮，成為世界的低成本制造商。日本發(fā)展出了一個龐大的汽車工業(yè)，處于消費電子產(chǎn)品的前沿，工作也一絲不茍。為了使這些新財富保值，它們被明智地投資在了高鐵、機場、地鐵系統(tǒng)等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上面，這又使得他們的經(jīng)濟變得更加高效。
At its peak there was so much wealth in japan that the real estate market of Tokyo had some pretty crazy anomalies. In the late 80’s it was estimated that the imperial palace covering an area of 3.4 square kilometres in central Tokyo had a real estate land value greater than all of the real estate in California. Of course, the imperial palace was never for sale and this was based of the cost per square feet in the area but it still should give a good idea of just how much money was washing around in Japan...
在日本財富的巔峰時刻，日本有太多的錢了，以致東京的房地產(chǎn)市場出現(xiàn)了一些非常瘋狂的異象。在80年代后期，位于東京市中心的日本皇宮，占地面積3.4平方公里，它的土地價值，已經(jīng)超過了加州所有房地產(chǎn)的市值。當(dāng)然了，日本皇宮從來沒出售過，這個價格只是基于那片地區(qū)每平方英尺的價格計算出來的，但這也很好地詮釋了，當(dāng)時的日本有多少的錢在流轉(zhuǎn)……
在日本財富的巔峰時刻，日本有太多的錢了，以致東京的房地產(chǎn)市場出現(xiàn)了一些非常瘋狂的異象。在80年代后期，位于東京市中心的日本皇宮，占地面積3.4平方公里，它的土地價值，已經(jīng)超過了加州所有房地產(chǎn)的市值。當(dāng)然了，日本皇宮從來沒出售過，這個價格只是基于那片地區(qū)每平方英尺的價格計算出來的，但這也很好地詮釋了，當(dāng)時的日本有多少的錢在流轉(zhuǎn)……
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Rohan Singh
Anime became popular in the 90s. Japan''s economy stagnated in the 90s. Coincidence I think not.
動漫是在90年代開始流行的。日本經(jīng)濟是在90年代停滯不前的。巧合？我認為不是。
You forget that GDP per capita is in Japan larger today than in 1990. This as the population is shrinking.
你忘了，日本今天的人均GDP比1990年的時候還要多。這是因為日本的人口在萎縮。
Just a few points of the debt: Most Japanese debt is owned domestically by Japanese citizens and entities denominated in Yen under Japanese law, so it is an internal issue as the money is in Japan. This is different to US debt where foreign entities have a substantial stake. The debt is still manageable because Interest rates are extremely low, combined with Japan running a current account surplus means that till this day JPY on the FX markets is still viewed as a safe haven trade. and the Japanese economy is not in crisis.
說幾點關(guān)于債務(wù)的問題：根據(jù)日本法律，大多數(shù)的日本債務(wù)是由日本公民和以日元計價的實體在國內(nèi)持有的，既然錢還在日本，那么日本債務(wù)就是個內(nèi)部問題。這跟美債不一樣，大部分美債都是由外國實體持有的。日本的債務(wù)仍然是可控的，因為日本的利率極低，再加上日本賬戶經(jīng)常是盈余的，直到今天，日元在外匯市場上仍然被視為一種安全的避險貨幣，而且日本經(jīng)濟也沒有陷入危機之中。
"Stagnant" is the sweating banker''s word for "stable."
“停滯”，到了緊張兮兮的銀行家的嘴里，就變成了“穩(wěn)定”。
Japan was a fully industrialized nation for decades before WWII, they didn''t go "through their own industrial revolution" postwar, it was just rebuilt and expanded
日本在二戰(zhàn)以前就是一個完全工業(yè)化的國家了，他們并不是在戰(zhàn)后“通過他們自己的工業(yè)革命”，它只是重建和擴大了。
One crumb of comfort for Japan is that most of that debt is domestically owned so it is easier for it to continuously roll it over. Having said that, that is still a type of kicking the can down the road.
日本令人感到欣慰的一小點，是它的大部分債務(wù)都是日本國內(nèi)持有的，因此日本也更容易將債務(wù)續(xù)下去。話雖如此，這依然只是一種緩兵之計。
"Economies can′t grow forever"...Thanks, now please a video explaining why perpetual motion machines are not possible...
“經(jīng)濟是不可能永遠增長的”……謝謝，現(xiàn)在請來一段視頻，解釋一下為什么永動機是不可能的……
"The central bank is there just to control inflation" -Argentinean Central Bank Hold my beer
“央行只是為了控制通貨膨脹”--阿根廷的央行坐不住了
"Land of the rising debt" with "house of the rising sun" instrumental in the background. Brilliant!
背景音樂中，“舉債之地”配的是“日升之屋”的調(diào)子。有才！
One of the insane things about Japan to me is how much they continually innovative, but how little they try to export a lot of the innovative products. I think the reason is basically no one in Japan understand outside Japan. Even companies like Sony and Panasonic seem confused as to why their products fail or succeed.
在我看來，日本最瘋狂的事情之一，就是他們持續(xù)創(chuàng)新的程度，但是他們卻很少大量出口他們的創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品。我認為，這基本上是因為在日本，沒人了解日本之外的情況。就連索尼和松下這樣的公司，似乎也會對自己的產(chǎn)品為何會成功或失敗而感到困惑。
If Japan''s economy economy is slowing down that means less output in Hentai....
日本經(jīng)濟放緩的話，意味著變態(tài)的（動畫）產(chǎn)出減少了……
Would you mind doing a video over Switzerland? I find them fascinating considering they''re a country that has historically not had any natural resource or cheap labour.
你介意替瑞士做一段視頻嗎？我發(fā)現(xiàn)，瑞士很迷人，而且歷史上來看，他們是個沒有任何自然資源或廉價勞動力的國家。
I think you overstate the impact of Western Foreign aid, Sure, it did help the economy of Japan rebuild, but it already was a modern industrial nation before the war (about the same level as Italy) and the continued pregress was due to the Japanese own efforts, not just western help.
我認為你高估了西方援助的影響。當(dāng)然，這個援助確實幫到了日本的經(jīng)濟重建，但是日本在戰(zhàn)前就已經(jīng)是個現(xiàn)代化的工業(yè)國家了（水平大致與意大利相同）。持續(xù)的進步，不僅僅是因為西方的幫助，也是因為日本人自己的努力。
歐陽嘉驄
日本仍然很強大。即便我是中國人，我也不能否認一個事實：日本人正在讓他們的國家變得更好、更強。
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So essentially Japan was doing so well that it started doing badly
本質(zhì)上來說，日本表現(xiàn)得很好，但是它開頭的時候很糟糕
Skipping the 80s bubble economy
視頻跳過了80年代的泡沫經(jīng)濟
"Now they just need a massive recession and then the economy will recover and endless growth can be achieved" - Highschool economics class
高中的經(jīng)濟課上是怎么說的，“他們現(xiàn)在只需要一場大規(guī)模的經(jīng)濟衰退，然后經(jīng)濟就會復(fù)蘇，然后實現(xiàn)持續(xù)的增長。”
Japan in the 80''s:massive economic growth, world''s low cost manufacturer, consumer electronics leaders? Invested into infrastructures like high speed rails, airports and metro systems? It''s word for word what is happening in China.
80年代的日本：巨大的經(jīng)濟增長，世界級低成本的制造商，消費類電子產(chǎn)品的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者？投資高鐵、機場和地鐵等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施？逐字念下來，這就是在中國發(fā)生的事情啊
It''s internal debt not an external debt. They wont go default becaus of that. It''s not like Greece''s case or any other country that go default because of debt. Their external debt is only around 456 Trillion Yen. That''s roughly 42.2 Billion US$. That''s really low for country that''s 3rd richest country by GDP
日本的債務(wù)是內(nèi)債，不是外債，因此不會違約的。它不像希臘或其他任何國家，會陷入債務(wù)違約的問題之中。他們的外債只有大概456萬億日元，大概422億美元。對于GDP排名第三的國家，這點外債實在是太少了。
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"Land of the rising debt" wait is isn''t a video about the USA? Hahaha
“債務(wù)不斷上升的土地”，等等，這不就是說的美國嗎？哈哈哈
Japan is actually in a better position than the United States. Right now, people in the United States owe more in Student debt alone than Japan does entirely. Nearly $2 trillion dollars of student loans plague this economy alongside all the tariffs and economic bubbles.
實際上日本處于比美國更好的位置。現(xiàn)在，美國人單單在學(xué)生貸款方面，就比日本人多多了。接近2萬億美元的學(xué)生貸款，與所有的關(guān)稅和經(jīng)濟泡沫，一起困擾著美國經(jīng)濟。
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"In a world that assumes growth would continue forever." That is human folly, and we fall for it everytime.
“在一個假定增長會永遠持續(xù)下去的世界里?！边@是人類的愚蠢，而我們每次都會陷進去。
Japan: "I miss the 90''s, it was my time, my moment"
日本：“我懷念90年代，那是我的時代，我的時刻”
Anyone wanting a more in-depth look should watch The princes of the Yen here on Youtube. Very insightful.
想要深入了解的人，可以在YouTube上看看紀錄片《日元王子》。非常深刻。
Hey Japan I''m from Argentina and I have a few Venezuelans around. I''ve heard you''re having "defation" issues. We can help you with that.
嗨，日本，我來自阿根廷，我身邊有幾個委內(nèi)瑞拉人。聽說你們有“通貨緊縮”的問題，我們可以幫幫你哦。
I desperately wish that more people would take an interest in sciences like psychology, sociology, and economics..... a proper understanding of these topics might actually yield a more properly guided and understanding society that enacts policies that make more sense in relation to these sciences
我非常希望有更多的人，能對心理學(xué)、社會學(xué)和經(jīng)濟學(xué)這樣的科學(xué)感興趣……對這些主題的正確理解，也許能對理解社會產(chǎn)生更恰當(dāng)?shù)闹笇?dǎo)，從而制定出與這些科學(xué)相關(guān)的、更具有意義的政策。
Japan''s economy is like the guy who starts running fast then he goes even faster and now start running out of air in the middle of the marathon. He still between the firsts, but the pain in his abs no longer can be ignored
日本的經(jīng)濟，就像一個起跑很快的人，然后他甚至跑得更快，現(xiàn)在是在馬拉松的中途，他卻開始喘不過氣來。他仍在第一梯隊，但是腹部疼痛這個問題卻不容忽視。
My friend is working in japan. He said most of his older co worker are single and don''t have family.
我的朋友在日本工作。他說大多數(shù)年長的同事都是單身，沒有家庭。
Japan, Land of rising debt
China: “Not bad”
日本：債務(wù)不斷攀升的土地
中國：還不錯哦
2:48 "japan was building the most competitive cars" *shows a russian Toyota
2分48秒的時候，說“日本正在制造最具競爭力的汽車”，配的確實俄版的豐田汽車。
When you compared the GDP of Japan in the 1990’s and now, did you adjust the value for inflation?
當(dāng)你比較日本1990年代和現(xiàn)在的GDP，你是否適應(yīng)了通貨膨脹的價值了呢？
Japan is no perfect country but the culture makes it more likely than others to survive, as they`ve done in the past, twice! People stay together and support each other - just check what happens after so common natural disasters and compare the situation with the USA. The crime rate is low. The job market is good at this point in time. The car-tech is great and ahead of the competitors - make sure you add the cost of the vehicle and reliability for future comparisons ;). The "economy" is stagnant as most is already build. That is the "downside" of living in a DEVELOPED country. Check the meaning of the word "developed" - it implies COMPLETED. While EU and USA have their political, social and safety issues, Japan faces an aging population problem and labour force shortage.
日本不是一個完美的國家，但日本的文化讓它比其他國家更有可能幸存下來，就像他們過去做的那樣，兩次！日本人圍在一起，相互扶持，他們的做法可以跟美國比較一下，看看發(fā)生常見的自然災(zāi)害以后，人們是如何應(yīng)對的。日本的犯罪率很低。日本此時的就業(yè)市場也很良好。日本的汽車技術(shù)是很好的，勝過很多競爭對手，確保你在未來選購汽車，進行比較的時候，可以兼顧汽車的成本和可靠性。
日本經(jīng)濟之所以會“停滯”，是因為大多數(shù)東西已經(jīng)建好了啊。這是生活在發(fā)達國家的“缺點”。來看下“發(fā)達”這個詞的含義吧，它意味著“已完成”。歐盟國家和美國，面臨著政治、社會和安全問題；而在日本，面臨著人口老齡化和勞動力短缺的問題。
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The quiet "house of the rising sun" in the background...
背景音樂，安靜地播放著“日出之家”……