為什么大多數(shù)窮人仍然貧窮？（上）

Why? And how?
The largest portion of McDonalds’ revenue come from leasing McDonald’s subbranches to franchisees. Kroc always focuses on the restaurant locations, and he is even willing to invest most of the revenues to buy land. In this way, every restaurant can generate high leasing revenues. Time goes by, McDonalds has become the biggest independent real estate agent and it owns more properties than popes have.
The underlying asset that generates cash flows for McDonalds is the reusable land rather than one-time hamburger. This is the real wealthy thinking mode. On the one hand, Kroc breaks out the “scarcity mindset”: make long-term strategy which jumps out of money itself. On the other hand, he gets rid of the “employee mindset”. The money has ability to hatch more money, however, most of people always try to “earn money” from a 9-5 job position without any other income. The wealth thing mode focuses on investing most of money to buy valuable assets, and enjoy higher life standards by these passive incomes.
A lot of people attribute their poverty to social factors: resource scarcity, poor education, and increasing consolidated social hierarchical system. However, along with the development of the technology, the costs of acquiring knowledge and education have declined a lot. In my perspective, the real difference between the wealth and the poor is the executive power. When a new idea comes up, the poor usually thinks “Oh, it is impossible for me to achieve”; however, the wealth will think that”how can I make it possible?” It is totally ok for the poor to find a stable job first, but they are supposed to have plans, and finish these plans step by step.
In conclusion, the society develops all the time, and the wealth are the people who consciously adapt these changes and enjoy corresponding benefits, and the poor are ones who march on the spot and reject to learn. It is true that education is important for human development; however, the real education comes from every aspects of your life, include the books you read, the bar you come, and the people you meet. Education is never an excuse for self-renunciation.
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為什么？怎么做？
麥當(dāng)勞收入的最大部分來(lái)自將麥當(dāng)勞的分支機(jī)構(gòu)租賃給特許經(jīng)營(yíng)商?？肆_克總是專注于餐廳的位置，他甚至愿意將大部分收入投資于購(gòu)買土地。這樣，每家餐廳都能產(chǎn)生高額的租賃收入。隨著時(shí)間的推移，麥當(dāng)勞已經(jīng)成為最大的獨(dú)立房地產(chǎn)代理，它擁有的房產(chǎn)比教皇更多。
為麥當(dāng)勞創(chuàng)造現(xiàn)金流的基礎(chǔ)資產(chǎn)是可重復(fù)使用的土地，而不是一次性的漢堡包。這才是真正富有的思維方式。一方面，克羅克打破了“稀缺心態(tài)”：制定長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)略，跳出資金本身。另一方面，他擺脫了“員工心態(tài)”。錢有能力孵化出更多的錢，然而，大多數(shù)人總是試圖“掙錢” 除了朝九晚五工作沒(méi)有任何其他收入。財(cái)富物化模式主要是把大部分的錢投入到購(gòu)買有價(jià)值的資產(chǎn)上，通過(guò)這些被動(dòng)的收入享受更高的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
許多人把自己的貧困歸因于社會(huì)因素：資源匱乏、教育水平低下、社會(huì)等級(jí)制度日益固化。然而，隨著科技的發(fā)展，人們獲取知識(shí)和接受教育的成本大大降低。在我看來(lái)，富人和窮人的真正區(qū)別在于執(zhí)行力。當(dāng)一個(gè)新的想法出現(xiàn)時(shí)，窮人通常會(huì)想“哦，我不可能做到”；然而，富人會(huì)想“我怎么才可能做到呢”？窮人先找一份穩(wěn)定的工作是完全可以的，但他們應(yīng)該有計(jì)劃，再一步一步地完成這些計(jì)劃。
總之，社會(huì)一直在發(fā)展，財(cái)富是屬于自覺(jué)適應(yīng)這些變化并享受相應(yīng)利益的人，窮人是原地踏步、拒絕學(xué)習(xí)的人。誠(chéng)然，教育對(duì)人的發(fā)展很重要；然而，真正的教育來(lái)自你生活的方方面面，包括你讀的書，你去的酒吧以及你遇到的人。教育從來(lái)不是自我放棄的借口。
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Carol Cotton
It’s very very hard to lift oneself up from poverty. Poor culture is very different from affluent culture. The poor really don’t understand the value of a dollar the way the affluent do. A poor person looks at a buck and knows that’s as far as the “accumulation” of funds is going to go—they don’t visualize other dollars piling on top of it over time, if saved and/or invested. So, they blow that dollar on something very fleeting, of low value, like junk from the dollar store.
Also, there is peer pressure to spend that dollar. I’ve seen and heard poor people laugh at their friends and family and mock them for being “cheap” because they don’t want to blow their hard-earned money on inexpensive useless trinkets. I’ve never heard the affluent accuse each other openly of being cheap. They save that word for material obxts that are mass produced with imprecision, substandard materials, sloppy workmanship, etc.
I’ve seen “poor” people buy new Nike’s every couple of months. You rarely see a “poor” person with rundown or dirty sneakers. They replace them before they ever have a chance to get run down. It’s a status symbol. I’ve seen some rather wealthy people who dress like paupers—old (expensive) shoes, well-worn work shirts around the house or out at a pub, etc.
“Keeping Up Appearances” is extremely important to those who are striving, either psychologically or materially, even the well-established middle class. They are insecure in their lack of riches because of the messages the commercially supported media sends.
If a “poor” individual wanted to lift himself out of poverty without going to college and learning a marketable skill—s/he would have to forego having children, first and foremost. Kids are naturally expensive, anyway, but once they get sucked into their peer group culture, they won’t give you a moment’s rest until you supply them with all the accouterments that will gain them access to the “in-crowd”. Unwittingly, by playing into that, parents are setting their kids up for a lifetime of living on the surface of a commodity value system with no stores of real wealth.

擺脫貧困是非常困難的。窮人的思維與富人的思維大不相同。窮人不像富人那樣真的理解一美元的價(jià)值。窮人看到一美元，就只知道這可以積累起來(lái)是錢，而想不到別的，他們想象不到隨著時(shí)間的推移，如果儲(chǔ)蓄或投資了，其他的美元會(huì)附著在上面（增值）。所以，他們把錢花在一些非常短暫的，低價(jià)值的東西上，比如商店的垃圾。
此外，同行者也傳導(dǎo)出要花掉這一美元。我看到和聽(tīng)到過(guò)窮人嘲笑他們的朋友和家人，嘲笑他們“小氣”，因?yàn)樗麄儾幌氚研量鄴陙?lái)的錢花在便宜無(wú)用的小飾品上。我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)富人公開(kāi)指責(zé)對(duì)方小氣。他們把這個(gè)詞用來(lái)形容那些用不精密的、不合格的材料、粗糙的工藝等大量生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的物品。
我見(jiàn)過(guò)窮人每隔幾個(gè)月就會(huì)買新款耐克。你很少看到一個(gè)穿著破舊或臟兮兮的運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋的“窮人”。他們?cè)谒鼈儞p壞之前就把它們換掉。這是地位的象征。我見(jiàn)過(guò)一些相當(dāng)富有的人，他們穿著像窮人一樣破舊（但昂貴）的鞋子，在家里或在酒吧里穿著破舊的工作襯衫，等等。
對(duì)于那些在心理上或物質(zhì)上都在努力奮斗的人來(lái)說(shuō)，“保持形象”是極其重要的，甚至聲名顯赫的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)也是如此。由于受到商業(yè)支持的媒體發(fā)出的信息，他們因缺乏財(cái)富而缺乏安全感。
如果一個(gè)貧窮的人不上大學(xué)，不學(xué)習(xí)市場(chǎng)上的技能就想擺脫貧困，那么他首先必須放棄生孩子。不管怎么說(shuō)，孩子們天生就很要用錢，但一旦他們?nèi)谌氲酵g人的文化中，他們就不會(huì)給你片刻的休息，除非你給他們提供所有能讓他們進(jìn)入“人群”的裝備。不知不覺(jué)地，父母?jìng)兙瓦@樣為他們的孩子需求奮斗一輩子，而沒(méi)有真正的財(cái)富儲(chǔ)存。
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Secondly, a poor person would have to give up his/her social network of spendthrift friends and associates who will pressure them into spending down to their last penny, living paycheck to paycheck. The best thing one can do to escape poverty is to find ways to squirrel away cash, cut out excess non-essential expenditures, learn what it means to sacrifice, and then watch the results in their bank account over the course of a year. They need to see it with their own eyes. And that’s almost impossible to achieve with other non-achievers nipping at your heels.
There are so many things that the poor either don’t understand or don’t even know about. They don’t seem to recognize the importance of building credit and having a good credit rating, for example. Or, how to even go about it. They need to learn to develop a broader vision of their future in terms of needs, security, and possibilities.
I had a married aunt with 3 daughters. She knew they could never afford to change their living circumstances, but what she could do was change their summertime living circumstances. she stashed away a few dollars here and there, whenever she could, with the goal of buying a tiny cottage on the lake where she and her daughters could spend the entire summer vacation.
Her husband loved to gamble and was always trying to find out where the money was hidden so she was always squirreling small amounts in little nooks and crannies in the basement, the attic, etc. Within 5 years she had enough money for a down-payment on that cottage. She and her daughters enjoyed many, many summers there all through their school years. But…something else, an unexpected surprise, happened as a result: Her husband had a total shift of perception of the possible just by seeing what his wife accomplished.

其次，一個(gè)窮人將不得不放棄他/她那些揮金如土的朋友和同事的社交圈，他們會(huì)迫使他們花掉最后一分錢，然后一分錢一分錢地過(guò)日子。擺脫貧困最好的辦法就是設(shè)法儲(chǔ)存現(xiàn)金，削減多余的非必要支出，了解犧牲意味著什么，然后在一年的時(shí)間里觀察銀行賬戶的余額。他們需要親眼看到。而如果有其他碌碌無(wú)為的人不斷催促他花錢，這幾乎是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
有太多的事情，窮人要么不明白，要么甚至不知道。例如，他們似乎沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到建立信用和獲得良好信用評(píng)級(jí)的重要性。或者不知道如何獲得信用。他們需要學(xué)會(huì)在需求、安全和可能性方面對(duì)自己的未來(lái)獲得更廣闊的視野。
我有一個(gè)已婚的阿姨，有三個(gè)女兒。她知道他們永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法改變自己的生活環(huán)境，但她能做的就是改變他們夏季的生活環(huán)境。只要有可能，她到處存錢，目的是在湖邊買一間小屋，這樣她和她的女兒們可以在那里度過(guò)整個(gè)暑假。
她丈夫喜歡賭博，總是想知道錢藏在哪里，所以她總是把少量的錢藏在地下室、閣樓等的小角落和縫隙里。5年內(nèi)，她就有足夠的錢支付那間小屋的首付款。（之前）她和她的女兒們?cè)趯W(xué)校里度過(guò)了無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)夏天。但是發(fā)生一個(gè)意外的驚喜：她的丈夫僅僅通過(guò)看到他妻子的成就就完全改變了對(duì)可能性的看法。
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He had a back-breaking job delivering cases of beer to bars and package stores. The pay was dismal and his back pain was making life miserable. But, he never asked himself if he could do better. His first job as a young teen was delivering cases of soda and over the years he graduated to beer. It was, to him, the normal and inevitable trajectory of his life.
One day, as he was delivering beer to a package store in a very seedy neighborhood, the owner told him he was going to be selling the entire building—the package store on the first floor, and two income-producing apartments on the second floor—for less than $30k! Incredible. This man would have never allowed himself to even fleetingly consider buying something like that—before he saw what his wife could do with a little discipline and determination. He bought it.
And it changed the rest of his life. He went from borderline poverty to being “quite comfortable.” They took cruises. They moved into a nice house in a wooded neighborhood with a back deck that faced the sunsets. Many years later, when he died, he left his wife and 3 daughters a nice little nest egg that would generously supplement their incomes for the rest of their lives—providing they spent wisely.
It’s not easy to educate yourself on what needs to be done to escape poverty. The rich people have Fortune Magazine and The Wall Street Journal. There’s a book entitled, The Millionaire Next Door, that might be helpful. It requires a sea change—cultural, personal, perceptual, psychological—the effort needed for such an upheaval is not to be underestimated.
“Why do most poor people remain poor?” For the same reason most walkers don’t attempt mountain climbing, scuba diving, sky diving, figure skating, but remain walkers.

他有一份很辛苦的工作，把一箱箱啤酒送到酒吧和包裝店。工資很低，背痛使他的生活很悲慘。但是，他從未問(wèn)自己是否能做得更好。他年輕時(shí)的第一份工作是送幾箱蘇打水，多年之后，他逐漸轉(zhuǎn)送啤酒。對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，這是他正常的、不可避免的人生軌跡。
有一天，當(dāng)他把啤酒送到一個(gè)非常破爛的街區(qū)的一家套餐店時(shí)，店主告訴他，他要把整棟樓賣掉——一樓為套餐店，二樓為兩套出租公寓，售價(jià)不到3萬(wàn)美元！簡(jiǎn)直 不可思議。因他之前看到妻子只要有一點(diǎn)紀(jì)律和決心就能做些什么，他毫不猶豫的買了下來(lái)。
這改變了他的余生。他從邊緣貧困到“相當(dāng)舒適”的生活，他們乘船旅行。他們搬進(jìn)了一所漂亮的房子，在一個(gè)樹(shù)木繁茂的社區(qū)里，房子的后面是朝向日落的方向。許多年后，當(dāng)他去世時(shí)，他給妻子和三個(gè)女兒留下了一筆可觀的儲(chǔ)蓄金，如果他們明智地消費(fèi)，這筆錢將富足地補(bǔ)充他們余生的收入。
教育自己如何擺脫貧困并不容易。富人有《財(cái)富》雜志和《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》。有一本書名叫《隔壁的百萬(wàn)富翁》，可能會(huì)有幫助。它需要經(jīng)歷一場(chǎng)文化、個(gè)人、認(rèn)知、心理的巨變，這種巨變所需要的努力是不可低估的。
“為什么大多數(shù)窮人仍然貧窮？“出于同樣的原因，大多數(shù)步行者不去嘗試爬山，潛水，跳傘，花樣滑冰，仍然 只會(huì)當(dāng)一個(gè)步行者。