In Tamil Nadu yesterday (14 February), Prime Minister Narendra Modi handed over the first Arjun Mark 1A tanks, a much upgraded version of the indigenously-developed Arjun main battle tank (MBT), to the Indian Army.

昨天(2月14日)在泰米爾納德邦，莫迪總理向印度陸軍移交了第一輛阿瓊Mark 1A坦克，這是阿瓊主戰(zhàn)坦克的升級(jí)版。

The Mark-1As handed over to the Indian Army in Chennai, nearly three months after Prime Minister Modi rode on an Arjun tank near in Rajasthan, are part a long-cleared order for 118. Officials at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) believe this order for 118 Arjun Mark-IAs will be the Indian Army’s last order for the 68-ton indigenous tank, a report in India Today says.

近三個(gè)月前，莫迪總理在拉賈斯坦邦駕駛過(guò)一輛阿瓊坦克，現(xiàn)在這種坦克在欽奈移交給印度軍隊(duì)。這些Mark-1A是早已批準(zhǔn)的118輛訂單的一部分?！督袢沼《取返囊环輬?bào)告稱，國(guó)防研究與發(fā)展組織的官員認(rèn)為，這份118輛阿瓊Mark-1A坦克的訂單，也將是印度陸軍購(gòu)買這種68噸國(guó)產(chǎn)坦克的最后一份訂單。

Developed by the DRDO’s Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment (CVRDE) in the 1980s and the 90s, and built by the Ordnance Factory Board’s Heavy Vehicles Factory (HVF) in Tamil Nadu’s Avadi, the induction of the Arjun MBT into the Indian Army began only in 2005.

阿瓊主戰(zhàn)坦克是印度國(guó)防研究與發(fā)展組織的戰(zhàn)斗車輛研發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)(CVRDE)于20世紀(jì)80年代和90年代開(kāi)發(fā)的，并由位于泰米爾納德邦阿瓦迪的軍工廠委員會(huì)重型車輛工廠制造，直到2005年才開(kāi)始進(jìn)入印度軍隊(duì)。

Between 2005 and 2010, two regiments of Arjun Mark 1 were inducted for the desert sector along the border with Pakistan in Rajasthan.

從2005年到2010年，兩個(gè)阿瓊Mark 1團(tuán)被部署到拉賈斯坦邦與巴基斯坦接壤的沙漠地區(qū)。

In a competitive trial organised by the Indian Army in 2010, the Arjun MBT outperformed the Russian-origin T-90, which is in service in large numbers, on every crucial parameter, whether driving across rugged sand-dunes or engaging targets and accurately hitting target. Yet, no more orders for the Arjun MBT followed, even as the Army inducted hundreds of T-90s.

在印度陸軍2010年組織的一場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性試驗(yàn)中，阿瓊MBT在每一個(gè)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)上都勝過(guò)了大量服役的俄羅斯產(chǎn)T-90，無(wú)論是駕駛穿越崎嶇的沙丘，還是與目標(biāo)交戰(zhàn)并準(zhǔn)確命中目標(biāo)。然而，印度陸軍卻沒(méi)有提出更多采購(gòu)阿瓊坦克的訂單，與此同時(shí)他們卻引入了數(shù)百臺(tái)T-90。

The CVRDE, meanwhile, worked on a new version of the Arjun, which was to be called Mark-II, to accommodate the improvements demanded by the Army.

與此同時(shí)，CVRDE正在研制一種名為Mark-II的新版阿瓊坦克，以滿足陸軍的改進(jìn)要求。

The weight of Arjun Mark-I — 62 tonnes — was a major issue for the Army, which says the tank is too heavy to operate in semi-developed and developed sectors of the Western Front.

對(duì)陸軍來(lái)說(shuō)，阿瓊Mark-I坦克62噸的重量是一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題，陸軍表示，該坦克太重，無(wú)法在西部前線的半開(kāi)發(fā)地區(qū)和已開(kāi)發(fā)地區(qū)作戰(zhàn)。

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Defence Ministry all set to clear over Rs 6,000 crore Arjun Mark 1A tank for Indian Army

國(guó)防部準(zhǔn)備為印度陸軍批準(zhǔn)600億盧比采購(gòu)阿瓊Mark 1A坦克

Days after Prime Minister Narendra Modi dedicated the Main Battle Tank Arjun Mark1A to the nation, the Defence Ministry on Tuesday is all set to clear the acquisition of these tanks worth over Rs 6,000 crore by the Army.

印度總理納倫德拉·莫迪向國(guó)家敬獻(xiàn)阿瓊Mark1A主戰(zhàn)坦克幾天后，印度國(guó)防部周二準(zhǔn)備批準(zhǔn)印度陸軍購(gòu)買這些價(jià)值超過(guò)600億盧比的坦克。

The Defence Ministry had recently cleared the induction of 118 Arjun Mark1A tanks into the Indian Army.

印度國(guó)防部最近批準(zhǔn)118輛阿瓊Mark1A坦克進(jìn)入印度軍隊(duì)。

"The Defence Ministry will consider the proposal in the Defence Acquisition Council meeting to be held in presence of the Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat and Army chief Gen Manoj Mukund Naravane," defence sources told ANI.

國(guó)防部消息人士告訴ANI：“國(guó)防部將在國(guó)防采編委員會(huì)會(huì)議上考慮這一提議，國(guó)防參謀長(zhǎng)Bipin Rawat將軍和陸軍參謀長(zhǎng)Manoj Mukund Naravane將軍將出席該會(huì)議。”

The tank has been fully designed and developed by the DRDO in close coordination with the Indian Army. 118 tanks would be joining the fleet of the first batch of 124 Arjun tanks which have already been inducted into the Army and are deployed in the western desert along the Pakistan front.

印度國(guó)防研究與發(fā)展組織與印度陸軍密切合作，全面設(shè)計(jì)和開(kāi)發(fā)了這款坦克。將有118輛坦克加入陸軍，而第一批124輛Arjun坦克已經(jīng)進(jìn)入陸軍，并部署在西部沙漠面向巴基斯坦沿線。

The 118 Arjun tanks would also form two regiments in the Armoured Corps of the Indian Army like the first 124 tanks.

這118輛阿瓊坦克也將像首批124輛坦克一樣組成印度陸軍裝甲部隊(duì)的兩個(gè)團(tuán)。

Officials said the Army has reduced the number of tanks required for the formation of a tank regiment and that is why the present order has six lesser tanks than the previous order for two regiments.

官員們說(shuō)，陸軍已經(jīng)減少了組建一個(gè)坦克團(tuán)所需的坦克數(shù)量，這就是為什么目前的訂單比之前的兩個(gè)團(tuán)的訂單少了6輛坦克。

The DRDO has been developing the Arjun Mark 1A for quite some time now and the project was hastened by both Chief of Defence Staff Gen Bipin Rawat and DRDO chief Dr G Satheesh Reddy to increase the level of indigenous weapon systems in the armed forces.

印度國(guó)防研究與發(fā)展組織開(kāi)發(fā)阿瓊Mark 1A已經(jīng)有相當(dāng)一段時(shí)間了，國(guó)防參謀長(zhǎng)比平·拉瓦特將軍和DRDO首席執(zhí)行官G·薩提什·雷迪博士加快了該項(xiàng)目，以提高武裝部隊(duì)使用本土武器系統(tǒng)的水平。

The Arjun has been designed by the DRDO's Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment (CVRDE) based out of Chennai.

阿瓊是由印度國(guó)防研究與發(fā)展組織設(shè)在金奈的戰(zhàn)斗車輛研發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的。

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After Tejas LCA, huge atmanirbhar push for Arjun tanks
Army will place order for final batch of Arjun Mark 1A tanks which would pave way for self-sufficiency in armored vehicles.

繼光輝戰(zhàn)機(jī)LCA之后，阿瓊坦克項(xiàng)目也加大了國(guó)產(chǎn)化努力

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will symbolically hand over the first 118 Arjun Mark 1A main battle tanks (MBT) to army chief General MM Naravane at a function in Chennai on Sunday. This will clear the path for the army to formally place orders for the production of the final batch of Arjun MBTs worth Rs 6,600 crore.

印度總理納倫德拉·莫迪將于周日在欽奈的一個(gè)活動(dòng)上，象征性地將首批118輛阿瓊Mark 1A主戰(zhàn)坦克移交給陸軍參謀長(zhǎng)納拉瓦納將軍。這將為陸軍正式下訂單，生產(chǎn)價(jià)值660億盧比的最后一批阿瓊主戰(zhàn)坦克鋪平道路。

The political push for the Arjun tanks follows the February 3 award of a contract for 83 LCA Tejas aircraft to Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL). The contract is worth Rs 48,000 crore- the largest placed on any Indian defence firm and was cleared by the Cabinet Committee on Security on January 13. The government has identified indigenous contracts as being a key to jump start indigenous industry and achieve self-sufficiency in defence, the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative launched last April.

這次政治推動(dòng)是印度航空有限公司2月3日獲得83架光輝LCA戰(zhàn)機(jī)合同之后發(fā)生的。該合同價(jià)值4800億盧比，是印度國(guó)防公司獲得的最大合同，并于1月13日得到內(nèi)閣安全委員會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)。印度政府在去年4月啟動(dòng)的《印度國(guó)防自給自足》計(jì)劃中指出，本土合同是啟動(dòng)本土工業(yè)、實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)防自給自足的關(guān)鍵。

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh said at Aero India last week that the government would reduce imports by $2 billion (Rs 14,000 crore) by the end of 2022.

印度國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)Rajnath Singh上周在印度航空上表示，到2022年底，政府將減少20億美元(1400億盧比)的進(jìn)口。

The Arjun has been designed by the DRDO’s Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment (CVRDE) and DRDO Chairman Satheesh Reddy will hand the first Arjun Mark 1A to Prime Minister Modi. The tanks will be produced by the OFB’s Heavy Vehicles Factory Avadi and the first batch of five MBTs will be handed over to the army within 30 months of signing of the contract.

阿瓊坦克是由DRDO的戰(zhàn)斗車輛研發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的，DRDO主席Satheesh Reddy將把第一輛阿瓊Mark 1A坦克交給莫迪總理。這些坦克將由OFB的重型車輛工廠Avadi生產(chǎn)，第一批5輛主戰(zhàn)坦克坦克將在合同簽署后的30個(gè)月內(nèi)移交給陸軍。

The Army currently operates two regiments of 124 Arjun Mark 1s which are positioned in Rajasthan. In November, Prime Minister Modi symbolically rode an Arjun tank in Longewala, where he celebrated Diwali with the troops.

目前，印度陸軍在拉賈斯坦邦部署了兩個(gè)團(tuán)的124輛阿瓊Mark 1坦克。去年11月，莫迪總理在朗格瓦拉在與軍隊(duì)一起慶祝排燈節(jié)時(shí)，曾象征性地乘坐一輛阿瓊坦克。

The CVRDE swiftly completed development of the Arjun Mark-2 in two years, by 2012. The Rs 6,600 crore order for 118 tanks was cleared by the DAC in 2014 but the order was not placed. The project was in a limbo since 2015 as the army focused on ordering more T-90 medium tanks from Russia. In 2019, the army ordered an additional 464 T-90s worth close to Rs 14,000 crore.

CVRDE在2012年之前的兩年內(nèi)迅速完成了阿瓊Mark-2的開(kāi)發(fā)。2014年，印度國(guó)防委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)了價(jià)值660億盧比的118輛坦克的訂單，但該訂單沒(méi)有落地。該項(xiàng)目自2015年以來(lái)一直陷入僵局，因?yàn)殛戃妼Ｗ⒂趶亩砹_斯訂購(gòu)更多的T-90中型坦克。2019年，印度陸軍又訂購(gòu)了464輛T-90，價(jià)值近1400億盧比。

The Arjun Mark-2 was renamed the Arjun Mark 1A in 2018 because the army said it was yet to meet all its requirements like the ability to fire a missile from its main gun and a battlefield management system. The Arjun Mark 1A finally cleared all trials in 2020 and has been awaiting an order since then. These tanks are also being assembled at the HVF Avadi.

2018年，阿瓊Mark-2被重新命名為阿瓊Mark 1A，因?yàn)橛《汝戃姳硎荆€沒(méi)有滿足所有要求，比如從主炮發(fā)射導(dǎo)彈的能力和戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)管理系統(tǒng)。阿瓊Mark 1A終于在2020年通過(guò)了所有的試驗(yàn)，從那時(shí)起就一直在等待訂單。這些坦克也正在HVF Avadi組裝。

End of the Arjun series

阿瓊系列的終結(jié)

DRDO officials believe this order of 118 tanks will be the last orders for the 68-ton Arjun. The army’s refocus on the northern borders with China following the ten-month standoff with the PLA will mean a diminished appetite for heavy tanks like the 68-ton Arjun.

DRDO官員認(rèn)為，這118輛坦克的訂單將是這種68噸重的阿瓊坦克的最后訂單。在與解放軍長(zhǎng)達(dá)10個(gè)月的對(duì)峙之后，印度陸軍重新將重點(diǎn)放在與中國(guó)的北部邊境，這將意味著對(duì)68噸重的阿瓊坦克等重型坦克的需求已經(jīng)減弱。

The army wants light tanks that weigh between 20-25 tons and medium tanks that weigh between 30 and 50 tons to equip its armored forces.

陸軍需要20-25噸重的輕型坦克和30-50噸重的中型坦克來(lái)裝備其裝甲部隊(duì)。

“Light and medium tanks have an advantage in multi-spectrum deployability, employability and capability in the varied terrain that the army operates in,” says Lt General AB Shivane, former Director General mechanised forces.

前機(jī)械化部隊(duì)總干事AB Shivane中將說(shuō):“輕型和中型坦克在陸軍作戰(zhàn)的不同地形的多頻譜部署、可使用性和能力方面具有優(yōu)勢(shì)?！?/b>
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The Indian Army had already set its sights on acquiring light and medium tanks even before the PLA moved into eastern Ladakh with its mechanised columns including tanks and infantry combat vehicles. Army officials cite the Arjun’s 68-ton weight as the reason it has limited mobility along roads and bridges along the rugged northern areas. The requirement for light tanks which could operate in the mountains is at least a decade old, it was revived more recently after the PLA’s Type 15 light tanks appeared on the Ti...an plateau.

甚至在解放軍與其包括坦克和步兵戰(zhàn)斗車在內(nèi)的機(jī)械化縱隊(duì)進(jìn)入拉達(dá)克東部之前，印度陸軍就已經(jīng)著眼于購(gòu)買輕型和中型坦克。陸軍官員稱，阿瓊坦克68噸的重量限制了它在崎嶇的北部地區(qū)的道路和橋梁上的機(jī)動(dòng)性。印度對(duì)于能在山區(qū)操作的輕型坦克的需求至少出現(xiàn)10年了，最近PLA的15型輕型坦克在青藏高原出現(xiàn)后，這種需求再次出現(xiàn)。

Armored vehicle experts say the experience gained from the production of 118 Arjun Mark 1As will help the development of future armored vehicles. “Over the next five years Indian defence industry will be entirely self-sufficient in all aspects of armored vehicles, from engines to tranmissions and gunner sights and electro-hydraulic gun control systems. This will allow us to roll out future combat vehicles at a much faster rate,” says S Sivakumar, former Director, CVRDE.

裝甲車輛專家說(shuō)，從118架阿瓊Mark 1A的生產(chǎn)中獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)將有助于未來(lái)裝甲車輛的開(kāi)發(fā)。“在未來(lái)5年里，印度國(guó)防工業(yè)將在裝甲車輛的各個(gè)方面實(shí)現(xiàn)完全自給自足，從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)到變速器、炮手瞄準(zhǔn)器和電液槍控制系統(tǒng)。這將使我們能夠以更快的速度推出未來(lái)的戰(zhàn)斗車輛，”CVRDE的前主任S Sivakumar說(shuō)。

The test case for this would be army programs like the Future Ready Combat Vehicle (FRCV) and the Future Infantry Combat Vehicle (FICV). The FRCV is to replace the Indian army’s fleet of nearly 3000 T-72 and T-90 tanks while the FICV will replace the nearly 1600 Russian BMP-2 Infantry Combat Vehicles in service.

陸軍這方面的測(cè)試項(xiàng)目包括未來(lái)就緒戰(zhàn)斗車輛(FRCV)和未來(lái)步兵戰(zhàn)斗車輛(FICV)。FRCV將取代印度陸軍近3000輛T-72和T-90坦克，而FICV將取代近1600輛俄羅斯現(xiàn)役BMP-2步兵戰(zhàn)車。

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