如果所有的類人猿突然擁有了人類的智慧，會發(fā)生什么?
What would happen if all apes suddenly gained human intelligence?
譯文簡介
我記得我讀過一個短篇故事的結(jié)尾，故事的背景是人類已經(jīng)擴散到星系里，并在銀河系的宜居帶周圍逐漸向兩個方向擴張(不存在超光速旅行)。最終，一艘人類探險飛船在銀河系的另一邊遇到了有史以來第一批外星物種，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)這些外星人其實是來自另一個方向的人類探險家。
正文翻譯
What would happen if all apes suddenly gained human intelligence?
如果所有的類人猿突然擁有了人類的智慧，會發(fā)生什么?
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Honestly… I can only speculate on what would happen, but I can safely bet that something like this would be one of the most insane things ever. A species (or multiple species) like Man arising would be almost otherworldly.
I’m pretty sure a lot of people are gonna start rioting and be pretty pissed at the concept, they’ll proclaim that “They are a threat to us”.
Cesar Alcaraz住在德克薩斯州休斯頓
老實說，我只能推測會發(fā)生什么，但我可以有把握地打賭，像這樣的事情將是有史以來最瘋狂的事情之一。
一個物種(或多個物種)如人類那樣崛起幾乎是聞所未聞的。
我敢肯定，許多人會開始騷動，對這個概念感到非常憤怒，他們會宣稱“他們是我們的威脅”。
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Of course, the apes themselves would start out as hunter-gatherers just like their human counterparts did during the Ice Age. And would be evolving and progressing from there.
Though at the end of the day, I’m not quite sure what the end result will be honestly. And I’m not even certain if things would ever be the same afterwards. I just hope that it goes the best possible direction for both us and them… and to the world in general.
當然，類人猿一開始也是狩獵采集者，就像冰河時期的人類一樣。并將從此階段開始發(fā)展和進步。
雖然，我不太確定最終的結(jié)果會是什么。我甚至不確定以后一切還會不會和以前（人類的發(fā)展）一樣。我只是希望這對我們和他們，乃至整個世界都是最好的方向。
They would probably create a movement of sorts— some more brutal, others more like Martin Luther King Jr. Funny to think of an MLK Jr version of an ape. Orangutans would get along the most with humans, Chimpanzees would get along the least, as Gorillas are morally grey.
他們可能會發(fā)起某種運動——有些類人猿會更殘忍，有些會更像馬丁·路德·金。
一想到馬丁·路德·金版本的類人猿，就覺得好笑。
猩猩（Orangutan）與人類相處得最好，黑猩猩（Chimpanzee）與人類相處得最差，因為大猩猩在道德上是灰色的。
Well… due to their heightened intelligence, chimps won't be nearly as aggressive as they were before, they'll be able to think clearly and rationally and will no longer rely on Primal instinct. Same with the other apes.
由于它們的高智商，黑猩猩將不再像以前那樣具有攻擊性，它們將能夠清晰理性地思考，不再依賴原始本能。其他類人猿也一樣。
Who knows, they may just be easily angered. After all, some people are much more aggressive than others, but that doesn’t make them dumber or less civilized.
誰知道呢，他們可能只是很容易生氣。畢竟，有些人比其他人更有攻擊性，但這并不意味著他們更笨或更不文明。
Just like how humans are rational and peaceable,
就像人類是“理性和平和的”一樣。
I think that intelligence and aggression aren’t mutually exclusive.
我認為智力和攻擊性并不是相互排斥的。
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Bonobos would get along with humans even better. They're practically ape hippies
倭黑猩猩會更好地與人類相處。他們實際上是類人猿嬉皮士。
Forgot about them lol.
哈哈哈哈，忘了他們吧。
“ funny to think of an MLK jr version of an ape". ??? Really?. Cm'on use your imagination
馬丁路德金版類人猿？
真的？得了吧，再想想/笑哭
Abraham Lincoln Ape.
亞伯拉罕·林肯版類人猿。
Though at the end of the day, I’m not quite sure what the end result will be honestly.
Given that the idea is that the apes would have human intelligence, not superhuman, it would be pretty much like the birth of any other nation, except that it would be accentuated because of the whole “different species” thing.
If you want a humans-only model of how human intelligence responded historically to initial conditions of enslavement, look up the history of the Maroon communities of the New World. Most Maroon communities eventually became integrated into colonial nations, simply because their own actions proved that they were savvy, intelligent players that it was expedient to make treaties with, and because once their own fates were secured, it became expedient for them themselves to integrate with the larger society for their own protection. Some of the Maroon treaties are still in force to this day in post-colonial nations such as Suriname.
考慮到類人猿擁有人類的智慧，而非變成超人，這與任何其他國家的誕生都差不多，只是由于“不同物種”，這種智慧會被強調(diào)出來。
如果你想要一個人類專屬的模型，了解人類智能在歷史上是如何對奴役的初始條件做出反應的，那就去查一下新世界的栗色社區(qū)（the Maroon communities）的歷史吧。大多數(shù)栗色社區(qū)最終融入了殖民國家，單純是因為他們自己的行動證明了他們是有悟性的，是可以與之達成協(xié)議的聰明的玩家。因為一旦他們自己的命運得到保障，他們就會為了保護自己而融入更大的社會。在蘇里南（位于南美洲東北部）等后殖民國家，《栗色條約》的一些條款至今仍然有效。
回到我們這個話題下來，考慮到類人猿是一個完全不同的物種，幾乎沒有能力說出人類的語言，野生的和逃跑的類人猿可能會簡單地建立獨立的群體，他們會把精力集中在維護自己的獨立上，而不是冒著生命危險積極地從一個在數(shù)量、科學和技術上都更先進的敵人那里奪取領土。
I imagine orangutans would be the quickest to integrate themselves into human societies, followed by bonobos, and chimps, with gorillas largely maintaining independence.
最終的結(jié)果將是，出現(xiàn)一些較小的類人猿政體，這些政體將在現(xiàn)有的人類國家中演變成正式的自治區(qū)域，而自治區(qū)域又會在多元文化的人類社會中演變成亞群體。最終的結(jié)果將更像《星球大戰(zhàn)》或《星際迷航》，而不是《人猿星球》。在某一時刻，某些類人猿種群可能會發(fā)生種族滅絕。
我認為猩猩是最快融入人類社會的動物，其次是倭黑猩猩和黑猩猩，大猩猩則在很大程度上保持著獨立性。
Its estimated that there is 500.000 apes left in the planet. They wouldn’t be any treat to humanity because they are heavily outnumbered and it would take them 100s of years to compete with any countrys infrastructure in weapons, hospitals and so on. I see 2 scenarios.
They would get heavily discriminated as black people was long time ago. They would be forced into slave labour around the globe and so on and we would see wars and holocausts, it would possible end in a sort of extinction.
We would try to integrate them into our society with apes-right activist among humans and they would function as low-class citizens with few exceptions. Discrimination would still be a big problem, and we would see them trying to get their own contry or state where they will rule among themself.
據(jù)估計，地球上有50萬只類人猿。人類不會對他們有任何好處，因為他們在數(shù)量上遠遠落后，他們需要漫長的歲月才能與任何國家在武器、醫(yī)院等基礎設施方面的競爭。我看到兩種情況。
1. 他們會像很久以前的黑人一樣受到嚴重歧視。他們會被迫在世界各地做奴隸等等。我們會看到戰(zhàn)爭和大屠殺，他們可能會以滅絕告終。
2. 我們會試著把他們?nèi)谌胛覀兊纳鐣?，讓他們成為人類中的猿類維權分子，他們會像低等級公民一樣，只有少數(shù)能例外。歧視仍將是一個大問題，我們將看到他們試圖建立自己的國家或聯(lián)邦，在那里他們將自己統(tǒng)治。
Number two is far and away more likely.
第二條更有可能。
This seems very possible, well said, apes would eventually be integrated into mainstream society I think
說得好，我認為這似乎很有可能，類人猿最終會融入主流社會。
In order for apes to have human-like intelligence, they would essentially have to be humans. A Scientific American magazine I once had argued that our diet and environment millions of years ago shaped our physiology. Other ape species experienced different environmental pressures that shaped their physiologies and consequent capabilities.
In human ancestors’ cases, the whipsawing climate in places where they lived forced them to travel further for their food and explore new food sources, including meat. This created a sextion pressure for greater stamina, which is relevant to our greater exercise requirements compared to other apes. We also shed our thick fur to endure the heat better and enable us to sweat more efficiently when chasing prey.
為了讓猿類擁有類似人類的智能，它們本質(zhì)上必須是人類。我曾在《科學美國人》雜志上爭論過，數(shù)百萬年前我們的飲食和環(huán)境塑造了我們的生理機能。而其他類人猿物種經(jīng)歷了與人類不同的環(huán)境壓力，形成了他們的生理和相應的能力。
在人類先祖的例子中，他們生活的地方，來回波動的氣候迫使他們?nèi)ジh的地方尋找食物，并探索新的食物來源，包括肉類。這就產(chǎn)生了一種選擇壓力，需要更高的耐力，相比于其他類人猿，這方面我們得到了更多的訓練。為了更好地忍受高溫，我們也會脫掉厚厚的皮毛，這樣我們在追逐獵物時就能更有效地出汗。
Therefore, giving apes human intelligence is not a simple matter of spraying an aerosolized biological agent over them. Our histories are a far more potent shaper of our natures than any fictional substance.
我們增加的肉類消費有助于我們的大腦成長，并有助于提高智力。
此外，火的發(fā)現(xiàn)使我們在日落時分保持清醒的時間更長，也許給了我們更多的時間來社交和發(fā)展我們的語言技能。
因此，賦予類人猿以人類的智慧不是簡單地在它們身上噴灑一種噴霧狀的生物劑。我們的歷史遠比任何虛構的實體更能塑造我們的本性。
Realistically, the wild ones would just go through their stone ages faster than they are now, and the ones in zoos would probably try to figure out ways to escape. Chimps might end up just shredding the handlers and getting the keys, while gorillas might try to just intimidate us into letting them out. Chimps would be a threat, and seeing as they won’t have many weapons or infrastructure, or language to coordinate, they’ll be taken out fairly quickly unless they learn to control their aggression. The same might go for other apes, as despite being fairly safe compared to chimps, we would probably lock them up just to be safe.
現(xiàn)實地說，野生動物經(jīng)歷石器時代的速度會比現(xiàn)在快，動物園里的動物可能會想辦法逃跑。
黑猩猩最終可能會干倒飼養(yǎng)員并拿到鑰匙，而大猩猩可能會試圖恐嚇我們，讓我們放他們出去。
黑猩猩會是一個威脅，它們沒有什么武器或基礎設施，也沒有語言來協(xié)調(diào)，除非它們學會控制自己的攻擊性，否則它們很快就會被淘汰。
同樣的道理也適用于其他類人猿，盡管它們比黑猩猩安全得多，但我們可能會把它們關起來，只是為了安全起見。
They’d kill themselves. They have no ability to speak and so to express their intelligence. No common language. No opposable thumbs to make advanced weapons with. They’d kill a few humans, get killed in large numbers by us, realize they are outnumbered, be offered menial jobs that requires no language skills, slide into despair and finally kill themselves by jumping off Empire State Building.
他們會自殺。
他們沒有說話的能力，以表達他們的智慧，沒有共同的語言。沒有靈活的手指來制造先進武器。
他們會殺死幾個人類，并被我們大量殺害，在意識到自己寡不敵眾后，被提供不需要語言技能的卑微工作，然后陷入絕望，最終從帝國大廈跳下自殺。
Imagine apes becoming theists. They would be like we're the new chosen people. And people would become atheists. But god created us in his image. It would be a very interesting world to live in.
想象一下類人猿變成有神論者。
他們會覺得自己是新的神選之猿。
那將是一個非常有趣的世界。
If apes did that and took over successfully, that would prove every major religion was false, which could be a huge victory for atheism.
如果類人猿能擁有智慧，并且成功地掌控世界，那將證明所有主要宗教都是錯誤的。
這將是無神論的巨大勝利。
Oh, we all know what would happen. We’ve been there. We’d do some consensual interbreeding first but this planet is too small for both of us. One of us would have to go, only this time we have a technological edge of 40,000 years plus we outnumber them ~10,000 to one.
I’d say we’re slightly favored to win.
Toma? Vargazon無神論者
我們知道屆時會發(fā)生什么，我們就在那里。
人類對抗尼安德特人
我們會先進行你情我愿的雜交繁殖，但這個星球?qū)ξ覀儌z來說太小了。我們中的一個必須離開，只是這一次我們擁有4萬年的技術優(yōu)勢，而且我們的數(shù)量是他們的1萬倍。
我得說我們的勝算要稍微大一點。
What!? It’s not even scientifically settled whether Neanderthals were a separate species or not. There’s still debate over whether they may have been just as smart as us.
They weren’t clever apes. They were basically just another type of human. There’s no evidence they ever fought each other to Neanderthal extinction.
A fantasy picture doesn’t make any kind of point at all.
I’d rather post this skull reconstruction…
什么! ?甚至連尼安德特人是否是一個獨立的物種都沒有科學上的定論。關于他們是否和我們一樣聰明，至今仍有爭議。
他們不是聰明的類人猿。他們基本上是另一種人類。沒有證據(jù)表明智人和尼安德特人曾相互爭斗導致后者滅絕。
一幅幻想的畫一點意義都沒有。我寧愿把這張頭骨重建圖貼出來…
I’ve seen dudes who look like this. And yes, there is evidence that they could well have had light skin, eyes, and hair before Sapiens ever did.
A recent investigation which created thousands of simulations, based on the data we have on both species/subspecies, gave results which strongly suggested that Eurasian Neanderthals just couldn’t compete with the relentless, torrential waves of Sapiens coming out of Africa.
To me it makes sense. African warmth and resources were far more favourable for Sapiens populations to boom. Eurasia was a tough, cold place to multiply in.
我見過長得像這樣的人。是的，有證據(jù)表明他們有淺色皮膚、眼睛和頭發(fā)，可能比現(xiàn)代人類早。
最近的一項研究基于我們掌握的關于兩個物種/亞種的數(shù)據(jù)，創(chuàng)造了數(shù)千個模擬，給出的結(jié)果強烈地表明歐亞尼安德特人無法與從非洲涌出的無情、洶涌的智人競爭。
對我來說這是有意義的。非洲的溫暖和資源更有利于智人的繁衍。歐亞大陸是一個難以繁衍的寒冷地區(qū)。
Damn.
Imagine if space travel becomes a reality and colonisation of other planets would become feasible.
There's a possibility a group of homo sapiens from our planet going to go colonise other planets would eventually evolve into other new human sub-species.
該死的。想象一下，如果太空旅行成為現(xiàn)實，殖民其他星球?qū)⒊蔀榭赡堋?br /> 一群來自我們星球的智人有可能去其他星球殖民最終進化成新的人類亞種。
Not possibility, certainty.
不可能，我肯定。
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Only if we don't kill ourselves first and they somehow have compatible DNA
除非我們沒有自殺，而且他們也有兼容的DNA。
I think it means the colonizers will be isolated from the rest of us, evolving into a new species
我認為這意味著殖民者將會與我們隔離開來，進化成一個新的物種。
I remember reading the end of a short story, the background of which was that humanity had spread to the stars, gradually expanding in both directions around the Galactic habitable zone (there was no FTL travel). Eventually, a human exploration ship on the other side of the galaxy encounters the first ever alien species… only to find the aliens are actually humans explorers from the other direction.
我記得我讀過一個短篇故事的結(jié)尾，故事的背景是人類已經(jīng)擴散到星系里，并在銀河系的宜居帶周圍逐漸向兩個方向擴張(不存在超光速旅行)。
最終，一艘人類探險飛船在銀河系的另一邊遇到了有史以來第一批外星物種，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)這些外星人其實是來自另一個方向的人類探險家。
This is somewhat the implications of the show and book series “The Expanse” people living in lower gravity asteroids and planets get way taller and some can't even be on earth anymore because the gravitaty is too painful
這在某種程度上是電視劇和叢書《太空無垠》的暗示，生活在低重力小行星和行星上的人會變得更高，有些人甚至無法在地球上生活，因為重力太痛苦了。
I always imagine a sci-fi story where we do that, then the two planets lose contact for centuries. One day, one shows up at the other’s planet and they don’t realize that they’re related because they look and act so different from each other.
我總是會聯(lián)想出一個科幻故事，我們探索太空，然后兩個星球失去了幾個世紀的聯(lián)系。
有一天，一個人出現(xiàn)在另一個人的星球上，他們沒有意識到他們是有聯(lián)系的，因為他們的長相和行為都截然不同。
you would need a lot more than mere centuries. Native Austrslians have been heregor over 40,000 years and they still look like us, have the same intelligence, etc. At least over 100,000 years at a minimum for evolution to start showing.
你需要的可不止幾個世紀。
土著澳大利亞人已經(jīng)在這里生活了4萬多年，他們看起來和我們一樣，擁有同樣的智力等等。至少需要10萬年才能算進化。
I’m not a biologist, but AFAIK, interbreeding between humans and any apes is impossible.
我不是生物學家，但人猿雜交是行不通的。
So is apes obtaining human-level intelligence overnight. But it is true it would be less interbreeding and more friends with benefits kind of thing.
所以猿類在一夜之間獲得了人類水平的智能（也不可能）。
但這確實會減少雜交，更多的是相互獲益的朋友之類的。
I don’t think it’s ever been definitively confirmed one way or the other due to ethical/legal/religious concerns about the sort of tests that would be required in order to know that conclusively.
We have a different number of chromosomes to the other great apes, but it’s still hypothetically possible that we could reproduce with them, resulting in infertile offspring akin to mules.
我不認為雜交會以這樣或那樣的方式得到最終的證實，出于倫理/法律/宗教方面的考慮。
我們的染色體數(shù)量與其他類人猿不同，但從理論上講，我們?nèi)杂锌赡芾盟鼈冞M行繁殖，從而產(chǎn)生像騾子一樣無法生育的后代。
If I recall correctly, it is theoretically possible for people to produce infertile offspring with a couple very closely related species of primates. But it’s considered absurdly unethical amongst scientists and so will never be tested.
After all, there’s many good reasons to worry that the offspring would end up absorbing the worst qualities of both their parent species, developing severe learning disabilities and other sorts of life-derailing mental illnesses, experience stunted or otherwise problematic puberty and growth, or experience horrifying prejudice from several members of both their parent species. The last one in particular is seen as so likely to happen that scientists tend to apply Occam’s Razor and just assume that bigotry against part-human hybrids is inevitable.
It’s so strongly stigmatized amongst the people who have the skills to attempt making hybrids of humans that next to nobody would even consider trying such a thing for real, let alone funding or providing equipment for it. And anybody who does try is, at best, basically guaranteed a one-way trip to prison.
如果我沒記錯的話，從理論上講，人們是有可能和一對近親靈長類動物生育不育的后代的。但科學家認為這是荒謬和不道德的，所以永遠不會被試驗。
畢竟，我們有很多理由擔心后代最終會吸收雙親物種最糟糕的特質(zhì)，出現(xiàn)嚴重的學習障礙和其他影響生活的精神疾病，經(jīng)歷發(fā)育不良或其他問題性的青春期和成長，或者經(jīng)歷來自雙親物種的可怕的偏見。尤其是最后一種情況，被認為極有可能發(fā)生，以至于科學家們傾向于使用“奧卡姆剃刀”(Occam 's Razor)。
對于那些有能力嘗試孕育人猿混血兒的人來說，這將面臨強烈的歧視，幾乎沒有人會考慮真正嘗試這種事物。更不用說為它提供資金或設備了。而任何嘗試過的人，最好的境況也只能被送進監(jiān)獄。
I’m not a biologist either, and I think consensual interbreeding with apes is really impossible.
我也不是生物學家，而且我認為與類人猿進行自愿雜交是不可能的。
Didn’t humans (Homo sapiens) breed with Neanderthals when they first appeared?
人類(智人)不是一開始就與尼安德特人進行過雜交嗎?
True, but modern humans are much more closely related to neanderthals (who are often considered to be a subspecies of homo sapiens) than we are to other modern species of apes, so the chance that we would be able to interbreed with (for example) chimpanzees or gorillas is much lower (though not strictly impossible).
沒錯，但是現(xiàn)代人與尼安德特人(通常被認為是智人的一個亞種)的關系要比我們與其他現(xiàn)代類人猿的關系密切得多。因此，我們能夠(例如)與黑猩猩或大猩猩進行雜交的可能性要低得多(盡管嚴格來說并非不可能)。
If we play with OP’s theory and those apes would evolve enough to be a challenge to humans, would that bring them to a closer evolutionary point, enough for cross-species breeding?
基于OP理論，這些類人猿的進化程度足以對人類構成挑戰(zhàn)，這會使它們的進化程度更趨近，近到足以跨物種繁殖嗎?
Probably not. Intelligence, which is subjective, comes solely from the mental capacity. The ability to breed depends on the chromosomes of the parents, and if they are able to align. I don't believe there is a species of ape left that we have not speciated enough from that producing offspring outside of a laboratory would be possible.
The more they and we evolve, the further we'll speciate, becoming ever increasingly difficult.
可能不會。智力是主觀的，僅僅來自于心理能力。繁殖的能力取決于父母的染色體，以及他們是否能夠?qū)R。
他們和我們進化得越多，我們的物種分化就會越深，變得越來越困難。
Closely related species can often interbreed (e.g. lions with tigers, horses with donkeys, wolves with dogs, or homo sapiens with homo neanderthalensis), even though depending on the case their offspring might be infertile. But that does not mean that the same applies for species that are evolutionary further apart.
近緣物種經(jīng)?？梢噪s交(例如獅子和老虎，馬和驢，狼和狗，或智人和尼安德特人)，盡管根據(jù)具體情況，他們的后代可能無法生育。但這并不意味著同樣的情況也適用于進化得更遠的物種。
I’m not a biologist and I think we non-biologists should just stay out of it
我不是生物學家，我認為我們這些非生物學家應該置身事外。
There are some sick freaks out there that will try
外面有一些變態(tài)想試試呢。
I read somewhere that there actually wasn't much fighting between homo sapiens and neanderthals odds are we probably couldn't tell each other apart and thought they were funny looking homo sapiens
我在什么地方讀到過，智人和尼安德特人之間并沒有太多的爭斗，我們可能無法區(qū)分對方?；蛟S只是認為他們是長相有趣的智人。
Up to 60% of all males at the time died violently. Prehistory makes the Eastern Front of WW2 look tame by comparison.
But I guess it’s possible we just thought they were funny other people and did not actively seek to fight them over others.
當時，高達60%的男性死于暴力。相比之下，史前時期使二戰(zhàn)的東線顯得平淡無奇。
但我想有可能我們只是認為他們是有趣的人，并沒有主動尋求與他們爭奪其他資源。
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Knowing what humans are like, we probably looked at them, found them funny, and decided to kill them because of it.
要知道，人類是那種：我們可能會看著他們，覺得他們很有趣，并因此決定殺了他們。
That is probably the most likely think to have happened actually now that I think about it
這可能是我認為最有可能發(fā)生的事情。
Homo Sapiens and Neanderthals are both humans.
智人和尼安德特都是人類。
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The neantherthals probably had issues working with each other as part of a larger group compared to Sapiens. This is a theory put up by Yuval Harari in his book Sapiens on why the Neantherthals did not manage to remain distinct as a group or survive. They probably lacked the ability to imagine a future as part of a larger imaginary group like members of a country/ nation.
與智人相比，尼安德特人作為一個更大的群體可能存在協(xié)作問題。
這是Yuval Harari在他的《智人》(Sapiens)一書中提出的一個理論，解釋了為什么尼安德特人不能作為一個群體保持獨立或生存下來。
他們可能缺乏想象未來的能力，作為一個更大的想象群體的一部分，比如一個國家/民族的成員。
As opposed to Cro Magnon which lacked that till about, oh, I dunno, a couple hundred years ago?
It's probably something slightly more prosaic like:
1) neanderthals expended more energy to do anything, including walk. This made them energy inefficient and unable to compete in game hunting.
Or:
2) Some sort of biological fertility advantage in Cro-Magnon.
Both of these are attested.
這與Cro Magnon的理論相反，可能是一些更平淡無奇的原因，比如:
1. 尼安德特人做任何事情都需要消耗更多的能量，包括走路。這使得它們的能源效率低下，無法在狩獵中競爭。
亦或者：
2.智人有繁衍優(yōu)勢。
這兩點都得到了證實。
There’s also the point that neanderthals’ shoulders were less well adapted for throwing, which made hunting and fighting more difficult and dangerous.
It was probably a combination of factors.
還有一點是，尼安德特人的肩膀不太適合投擲，這使得狩獵和戰(zhàn)斗更加困難和危險。
這可能是多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果。