QA：年輕教師比年長教師更好嗎?

John Davis
As a veteran educator with nearly 20 years in the classroom, I’ve seen the merits of new and experienced teachers: New teachers (often young ones) are generally more passionate, eager, and open-minded about methodology. Their embrace of technology and programming is somewhat the result of na?veté combined with a desire to be the very best. After a few years (or less) of pouring their very soul into students and subject matter, they begin to develop a more detached or obxtive view of the profession. Not jaded, necessarily, just less enthusiastic. Many quit. A rare few of us are able to keep the gung-ho mentality we began with on day one. We keep developing ourselves professionally, we keep up with developing trends and tech, and we mentor younger teachers to refresh our spirit. These experienced (usually older) teachers have figured out how to pick which battles, how to handle difficult parents and students, and how to incorporate fun without burning ourselves out. So, the big answer here is, it depends on the individual (younger or older) teacher. You might have an experienced educator who still loves and thrives in the classroom, and you could just as easily get a young teacher who only went into education to have “three months off” (ha!) in the summer. So no, younger teachers aren’t necessarily “better” than older ones, but they could seem more “with-it” if judging by pop-culture knowledge or similar nonessential traits.

作為一名有近20年教學(xué)經(jīng)驗的資深教育家，我看到了新教師和有經(jīng)驗教師的優(yōu)點: 新老師(通常是年輕的)通常對教學(xué)方法更有激情，更熱心，更開放。他們對技術(shù)和編程的接受在某種程度上是天真與成為最好的渴望相結(jié)合的結(jié)果。經(jīng)過幾年(或更短的時間)，他們將自己的靈魂傾注到學(xué)生和主題中，他們開始對這個職業(yè)形成一種更超然或更客觀的看法。不一定是厭倦，只是不那么熱情了。很多人辭職了。我們中很少有人能夠保持一開始的充滿熱情的心態(tài)。我們不斷發(fā)展自己的專業(yè)，我們跟上發(fā)展的趨勢和技術(shù)，我們指導(dǎo)年輕的教師使我們精神振奮。這些經(jīng)驗豐富(通常較年長)的老師知道如何選擇沖突，如何處理難相處的家長和學(xué)生，以及如何在不耗盡精力的情況下獲得樂趣。所以，最重要的答案是，這取決于教師個人(年輕或年長的)。你可能有一位經(jīng)驗豐富的教育家，他仍然熱愛并在課堂上茁壯成長，你也可以很容易地讓一個只進(jìn)入教育行業(yè)的年輕教師在夏天有“三個月的假期”(哈!)。所以，不，年輕的老師不一定比年長的老師“更好”，但從流行文化知識或類似的非必要特征來看，他們似乎更“懂”。

Alisa Boyd
Oh, those young teachers, fresh out of college! They’re cute! They’re full of energy! They’re passionate! They’re perky! Did I mention cute? Surely they’re better teachers than the old, worn-out models inhabiting sections of the school building.

噢，那些剛從大學(xué)畢業(yè)的年輕老師!他們好可愛！他們精力充沛！他們充滿激情!他們自信滿滿！我提到可愛了嗎? 他們當(dāng)然比老教師更好，老教師就像居住在學(xué)校建筑里的破舊模型。

Unfortunately, it’s a myth that those youthful, energetic, cute young teachers are superior. Why then, does it seem that school districts prefer them?

很遺憾，人們都認(rèn)為那些年輕、精力充沛、可愛的年輕老師更優(yōu)秀。那么，為什么學(xué)區(qū)似乎更喜歡他們呢?

#1. They’re cheap. A teacher with only a Bachelor’s and no experience costs far less than one with a Master’s and 15 years’ experience.

# 1.他們便宜。一名只有學(xué)士學(xué)位且無經(jīng)驗的教師的成本遠(yuǎn)低于一名擁有碩士學(xué)位且有15年經(jīng)驗的教師。

#2. They’re more easily bullied by the district because they don’t have tenure. Until you achieve tenure, you can be terminated for any reason or NO reason. Your contract just isn’t renewed, no explanations needed. (BTW, “tenure” means you have achieved the right to due process—it’s not a lifelong guarantee of a job).

＃2. 他們更容易被轄區(qū)欺負(fù)因為他們沒有任期限制。在你獲得終身職位之前，你可能會無緣無故地被解雇。你的合同沒有續(xù)簽，不需要解釋。(順便說一句，任期”的意思是你獲得了正當(dāng)程序的權(quán)利——它并不是一份終身工作的保證)。

#3. They’re cute. Well, at least they’re young, and our society clearly demonstrates a preference for youth. The last principal I worked for had a habit of hiring his relatives or attractive young women. There was a definite pattern. Unless he needed a coach, he hired a cute young thing. We had a damn fine looking faculty, especially because he tended to keep us old fuddy duddies behind the scenes.

# 3.他們很可愛。好吧，至少他們還年輕，而且我們的社會清楚地顯示出了對年輕人的偏好。我工作過的上一個校長習(xí)慣雇傭他的親戚或漂亮的年輕女性。有一個明確的模式。除非他需要教練，他雇了個小帥哥。我們有個帥呆了的教員，尤其是因為他，總是讓我們這些老古董躲在幕后。

The hard truth is that really good teachers realize they’re incompetent after they’ve had about 5 years of experience. Everything changes then. I’ve known some who’ve thrown out everything they’d used and started completely fresh. That’s when real professional growth begins. Each year is a refinement of what went before it. Some years are fine-tuning years; others are let’s-hold-a-big-bonfire years (or wipe the electronic files). You move from consciously incompetent (that’s that first year teacher) to unconsciously incompetent (that’s years 2 - approximately 5) back to consciously incompetent (a couple of years) to consciously competent (this is a long stretch, maybe the rest of your career) to unconsciously competent if you’re incredibly talented.

殘酷的事實是，真正優(yōu)秀的教師在有了大約5年的經(jīng)驗后才意識到自己不稱職。然后一切都變了。我認(rèn)識一些人，他們?nèi)拥袅怂杏眠^所有的東西，重新開始。這才是真正的職業(yè)發(fā)展的開始。每一年都是對過去的改進(jìn)。有些年份是微調(diào)年; 其他年份則是“讓我們舉行一場盛大的篝火晚會”的年份(或“消除電子文件”)。你從“自覺不稱職”(當(dāng)了第一年的老師)到“無意識不稱職”(當(dāng)了2年，大約5年)，再回到“自覺不稱職”(當(dāng)了幾年)，再到“自覺勝任”(這是一段很長的時間，可能是你職業(yè)生涯剩下的時間)，最后是“無意識勝任”(如果你非常有天賦的話)。
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Are there exceptions? Of course. I’ve seen youngsters reach consciously competent after just three or four years; I’ve seen oldsters who are still unconsciously incompetent. In general, though, the development of a teacher’s craft takes years, just as it does with any other craft. But that’s the subject for another question, “Is teaching an art, a science, or a craft?”

凡是都有例外？當(dāng)然。我看到過年輕人在三四年后就能有意識地勝任; 我見過一些老人們無意識中仍然無能。不過，一般來說，一項教師技能的發(fā)展需要多年的時間，就像其他任何技能一樣。但這是另一個問題的主題，“教學(xué)是一門藝術(shù)，一門科學(xué)，還是一門手藝?”

Reb Ourner
I′ve seen young teachers bullied and taken advantage of by students.
Older teachers have more knowledge, more experience, and can better handle the room.

我見過年輕教師被學(xué)生欺負(fù)和利用。
年紀(jì)大的教師有更多的知識，更多的經(jīng)驗，可以更好地掌控課堂。
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Rich Kern
Well, this could cause a debate! I would say that in any job, experience matters. Experience give background in areas universities can’t teach. Discipline, educational strategies and classroom management come from being in classroom with real students. On the other hand, a school does need youth. Their energy and enthusiasm help invigorate a school.

這可能會引起爭論! 我想說，在任何工作中，經(jīng)驗都很重要。在大學(xué)無法教授的領(lǐng)域，經(jīng)驗提供了背景。紀(jì)律、教育策略和課堂管理來自于與真正的學(xué)生在課堂上。另一方面，學(xué)校確實需要年輕人。他們的精力和熱情使學(xué)校充滿活力。

Joanne Serin
As a group, I don’t think they’re better or worse. A big plus is that they have been raised with technology and are, therefore, more competent and at ease with it. I ’m an excellent teacher, but Zooming and other technology I’ve tried to learn this year in order to substitute online really overwhelms me. On the other hand, they are inexperienced and just need more time and practice to hone their abilities.

作為一個群體，我不認(rèn)為他們更好或更差。一個很大的好處是，他們是在科技中長大的，因此更有能力，也更能適應(yīng)科技。我是一個優(yōu)秀的老師，但是zoom和其他我今年為了上網(wǎng)課而嘗試學(xué)習(xí)的技術(shù)真的讓我不知所措。
（譯注：Zoom是一款多人云視頻會議軟件，為用戶提供兼?zhèn)涓咔逡曨l會議與移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)會議功能的免費云視頻通話服務(wù)。用戶可通過手機(jī)、平板電腦、PC與工作伙伴進(jìn)行多人視頻及語音通話、屏幕分享、會議預(yù)約管理等商務(wù)溝通。）

Ruth Watin
Yes and No.

是也不是

Yes older teachers are better than younger teachers because they can simplify the subject matter and can make the students understand by using the simplest methods. They know many and better techniques. Their experience allow them to gather as may resources as possible that they can share to their students.

是的，年長的老師比年輕的老師更好，因為他們可以簡化科目，可以讓學(xué)生用最簡單的方法理解。他們知道許多更好的技巧。他們的經(jīng)驗使他們能夠收集盡可能多的資源，以便與學(xué)生分享。

A no because older teachers are not that knowlegeable about modern gadgets(except for a few). They can no longer follow the train of thought of the younger generation because of age gap. Experiences of the teachers of the past no longer match with the experiences of the younger generation thereby they may misundertand the ways of the young and become easily irritated with them.

說不是，是因為年長的老師對現(xiàn)代工具的知識并不多(除了少數(shù))。由于年齡差距，他們不能再跟隨年輕一代的思路。過去老師的經(jīng)驗不再與年輕一代的經(jīng)驗相匹配，因此他們可能會誤解年輕人的方式，很容易對他們生氣。

Young teachers lack experience. They tend to make subject matters difficult. They may have the knowledge but their lack of experience would hinder them in making their students understand better. So better look for a young teacher with experience rather than one without experience because it really matters in the teaching and learning process. This is my opinion.

年輕教師缺乏經(jīng)驗。他們往往使科目變得困難。他們可能有知識，但他們?nèi)狈?jīng)驗會阻礙他們讓學(xué)生更好地理解。所以最好找一個有經(jīng)驗的年輕老師，而不是沒有經(jīng)驗的，因為這在教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)過程中真的很重要。這就是我的看法。

Dania Khelfa
I wouldn’t say better when comparing teachers who are young to those who are older. Both bring forth advantages and disadvantages when looking at what they have to offer students.

在比較年輕的老師和年長的老師時，我不會說誰更好。當(dāng)看到他們所提供給學(xué)生的東西時，兩者都有優(yōu)點和缺點。

As an advantage, younger teachers are more aware of current social cues and thus can relate more easily to the generation that they are teaching in terms of sharing content knowledge and expectations.

作為一個優(yōu)勢，年輕的教師更了解當(dāng)前的社會線索，因此可以更容易地與他們所教的一代人在分享內(nèi)容、知識和期望方面聯(lián)系起來。

However, one notable disadvantage is that younger teachers may not earn the respect of their students if the students see the teacher to be just like them. The students may not value what this teacher has to offer them. The line between educator and friend may be blurred to the point that students don’t take what this teacher has to offer seriously.

然而，一個明顯的缺點是，如果學(xué)生認(rèn)為年輕的老師和他們一樣，他們可能不會贏得學(xué)生的尊重。學(xué)生們可能不重視這位老師所提供的東西。教育者和朋友之間的界限可能很模糊，以至于學(xué)生們不會認(rèn)真對待老師所提供的東西。

On the other hand, students will see the older teacher as having more knowledge due to their years and may value what the teacher has to offer if the students are serious about what they are studying. If students find that what the teacher has to offer is of no use to their current generation then there could be a lack of interest on the part of the students since the students will deem this teacher too hard to relate to.

另一方面，學(xué)生會認(rèn)為年長的老師擁有更多的知識，如果學(xué)生認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)的話，他們可能會看重老師所提供的東西。如果學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)老師提供的東西對他們這代人沒有用處，那么學(xué)生可能會缺乏興趣，因為學(xué)生會認(rèn)為這個老師太難相處。

Whether young or old, the teacher has to be relatable to the students in order for them to value what the teacher has to offer on content knowledge and expectations in society. Therefore an older teacher would need to be able to keep up with technology and the social cues to the current generations, so that younger students can’t get one over on the teacher!

無論是年輕的還是年老的，教師必須能與學(xué)生產(chǎn)生共鳴，這樣他們才能重視教師所提供的內(nèi)容、知識和社會期望。因此，年長的老師需要能夠跟上現(xiàn)代科技和社會線索，這樣年輕的學(xué)生就不會超過老師!

When it comes down to it, students learn more from teachers they like and can relate to irregardless of whether the teacher is old or young.

歸根結(jié)底，無論老師是老還是年輕，學(xué)生們都能從他們喜歡的老師那里學(xué)到更多東西，并能產(chǎn)生共鳴。

Candace Barnhouser
Better in what particular way? They have more energy and enthusiasm and often do not have children yet so those factors are pluses. They do not have experiences in the complexity of the job and have not learned about all the behavior challenges yet. Becoming a teacher and doing the job is like forging iron into steel. It is a very difficult job and the demands are draining. You go in with a well written less and then the day happens. Some days go as planned but often there are behavior issues, at any age of student. Kindergarten sounds so happy and sweet but you are taking children who have had all kinds of experiences and pull them together as a class. You have to create the school and classroom boundaries and create a team or family that can function together. Some children resist and act out and test you, as a teacher…at any age. The point of this is that a young teacher does not expect this and they have to learn to find their power and use just enough to keep going forward with the lesson. The truth is some of their power is ignoring behavior designed to disrupt instruction. So preparing to instruct and what actually happens and regrouping and developing to adapt and keeping the tests and grades up to date is the FORGE. As it turns out many young teachers to not continue the career. It is too demanding and eats your life and the frustration can overcome great intentions. BUT if you are made of the right stuff you will learn and grow and will become a powerful, yet exhausted teacher.

在什么方面更好? 他們有更多的精力和熱情，而且通常還沒有孩子，所以這些因素是有利的。他們沒有經(jīng)歷過復(fù)雜的工作，也沒有了解所有的行為挑戰(zhàn)。成為一名教師并做好這份工作就像把鐵鍛造成鋼。這是一項非常困難的工作，要求非常高。你寫得很好，然后一天就發(fā)生了。有些日子按計劃進(jìn)行，但通常任何年齡的學(xué)生都會有行為問題。幼兒園聽起來是那么的快樂和甜蜜，但是你把那些有各種經(jīng)歷的孩子放在一個班級里。你必須創(chuàng)造學(xué)校和教室的界限，創(chuàng)造一個可以一起工作的團(tuán)隊或家庭。在任何年齡……有些孩子會表現(xiàn)出來反抗，測試你作為一個老師的底線。重點是，一個年輕的老師不會期望這樣，他們必須學(xué)會找到自己的權(quán)力，并使用足夠的權(quán)力來讓課堂繼續(xù)。事實是，他們的一些權(quán)力是忽視那些旨在擾亂指令的行為。因此，準(zhǔn)備指導(dǎo)和實際發(fā)生的事情，重組和開發(fā)，以適應(yīng)和保持測試和成績更新是”鍛造”。 事實證明，許多年輕教師不再繼續(xù)自己的職業(yè)生涯。它要求太高，吞噬了你的生活，挫折會打敗你偉大的意圖。但如果你是正確的材料，你會不斷學(xué)習(xí)和成長，最終成為一個強(qiáng)大的人，然而,也會催生疲憊的老師。

As far as older teachers I can only refer to my experiences. Teaching is the same behavior but content and goals are ever evolving. Older teachers have turned to steel and have come to terms with the demands of the career but the expectations are always changing. Instructional goals and ways to do it remain moving targets. Older teachers can’t reuse lessons year after year so they are adapting all the time. In my state of MD. you are required to earn a Master’s Degree or comparable number of advanced college credits to remain certified within 10 years. Further you have to continue taking college courses throughout your career. When I retired I had my Master’s Degree plus thirty other college credits. That is how older teachers stay up to date with material and new theories and applications that young teachers get.

至于老教師，我只能參考我的經(jīng)驗。教學(xué)是同樣的行為，但內(nèi)容和目標(biāo)是不斷變化的。年長的教師已經(jīng)變得堅強(qiáng)起來，并與職業(yè)的要求達(dá)成了協(xié)議，但期望總是在變化。指導(dǎo)性目標(biāo)和實現(xiàn)它的方法仍然是能動目標(biāo)。年長的教師不能年復(fù)一年地重復(fù)使用課程，所以他們一直在適應(yīng)。在我所在的馬里蘭州。你需要獲得碩士學(xué)位或同等的高等學(xué)校學(xué)分，以保持在10年內(nèi)獲得認(rèn)證。此外，在你的職業(yè)生涯中，你必須繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)大學(xué)課程。當(dāng)我退休時，我已經(jīng)獲得了碩士學(xué)位和30個其他大學(xué)學(xué)分。這就是老教師如何跟上年輕教師獲得的資料、新理論和應(yīng)用。

My conclusion to your question is neither and both. The truth is the best teachers are those who work on a team with a variety of people. Young teachers bring their enthusiasm and ideals and energy. The rest bring to the table what they have learned through time and experiences. TOGETHER they form a team of the best teachers.

對于你的問題，我的結(jié)論是兩者都不是。事實上，最好的老師是那些和各種各樣的人一起工作的老師。青年教師帶來了他們的熱情、理想和活力。其余的人則把他們從時間和經(jīng)驗中學(xué)到的東西擺到桌面上。他們一起組成了一個由最好的老師組成的團(tuán)隊。

Kathleen Crader
In some ways yes, in others an older, experienced teacher is better. Younger teachers bring an enthusiasm and the latest techniques and technology to their teaching. Experienced teachers bring that experience, knowledge of presentation techniques that are effective in teaching students well.

在某些方面，是的，在其他方面，一個年長的，有經(jīng)驗的老師更好。年輕的教師給他們的教學(xué)帶來了熱情和最新的技術(shù)和技巧。有經(jīng)驗的教師帶來有效地教學(xué)生的經(jīng)驗，知識的演示技巧。

Joanne Vicente
No, but older teachers aren’t better than younger ones, either. There are many things that make a teacher good or bad, and age is rarely one of them.

不，但是年長的老師也不比年輕的老師好。決定一個老師好壞的因素有很多，年齡很少是其中之一。

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