挪威通過石油收益建立了國家主權(quán)基金， 并成為世界上最賺錢的基金之一，價值超過1.3萬億美元，足以養(yǎng)活這個國家很多年
Norway discovered oil in its country 40 years ago. Knowing the oil would eventually run out, they chose to invest it in a sovereign wealth fund. It is one of the most profitable funds in the world - valued at over $1.3 trillion - enough to self sustain the county for many years
譯文簡介
挪威政國家主權(quán)基金是由兩個政府掌控的主權(quán)財富基金組成。
（1）挪威政府全球養(yǎng)老基金，又稱石油基金，成立于1990年，用于投資挪威石油部門的盈余收入。
正文翻譯
The Government Pension Fund of Norway comprises two sovereign wealth funds owned by the government of Norway.
The Government Pension Fund Global (correct translation: Sovereign Pension Fund – Foreign), also known as the Oil Fund, was established in 1990 to invest the surplus revenues of the Norwegian petroleum sector. It has over US$1.35 trillion in assets,[1] and holds 1.4% of all of the world’s listed companies, making it the world’s largest sovereign wealth fund.[2][3] In December 2021, it was worth about $250,000 per Norwegian citizen.[1] It also holds portfolios of real estate and fixed-income investments.
挪威政國家主權(quán)基金是由兩個政府掌控的主權(quán)財富基金組成。
（1）挪威政府全球養(yǎng)老基金，又稱石油基金，成立于1990年，用于投資挪威石油部門的盈余收入。 它擁有超過1.35萬億美元的資產(chǎn)，持有的股份占全球上市公司市值的1.4%，是世界上最大的主權(quán)財富基金。到2021年12月為止，它的價值平均到每個挪威公民身上為25萬美元 它還持有房地產(chǎn)和其他固定收益投資項目。
The Government Pension Fund Global (correct translation: Sovereign Pension Fund – Foreign), also known as the Oil Fund, was established in 1990 to invest the surplus revenues of the Norwegian petroleum sector. It has over US$1.35 trillion in assets,[1] and holds 1.4% of all of the world’s listed companies, making it the world’s largest sovereign wealth fund.[2][3] In December 2021, it was worth about $250,000 per Norwegian citizen.[1] It also holds portfolios of real estate and fixed-income investments.
挪威政國家主權(quán)基金是由兩個政府掌控的主權(quán)財富基金組成。
（1）挪威政府全球養(yǎng)老基金，又稱石油基金，成立于1990年，用于投資挪威石油部門的盈余收入。 它擁有超過1.35萬億美元的資產(chǎn)，持有的股份占全球上市公司市值的1.4%，是世界上最大的主權(quán)財富基金。到2021年12月為止，它的價值平均到每個挪威公民身上為25萬美元 它還持有房地產(chǎn)和其他固定收益投資項目。
The Government Pension Fund Norway is smaller and was established in 1967 as a type of national insurance fund. It is managed separately from the Oil Fund and is limited to domestic and Scandinavian investments and is therefore a key stock holder in many large Norwegian companies, predominantly via the Oslo Stock Exchange.
（2）挪威政府養(yǎng)老基金，成立于1967年，是一種國民保險基金。 它與石油基金分開管理，僅限于國內(nèi)和斯堪的納維亞投資，因此是許多挪威大型公司的主要股東，主要通過奧斯陸證券交易所持有。
（2）挪威政府養(yǎng)老基金，成立于1967年，是一種國民保險基金。 它與石油基金分開管理，僅限于國內(nèi)和斯堪的納維亞投資，因此是許多挪威大型公司的主要股東，主要通過奧斯陸證券交易所持有。
Government Pension Fund Global
The Petroleum Fund was established in 1990 after a decision by the country's legislature to counter the effects of the forthcoming decline in income and to smooth out the disruptive effects of highly fluctuating oil prices.
挪威政府全球養(yǎng)老基金，是通過挪威石油收入產(chǎn)生的盈余財富存入的基金。 2006年1月，更名為挪威石油基金。
石油基金是該國立法機構(gòu)于1990年設(shè)立的，目的是抵消未來可能的收入下降影響，并消除石油價格劇烈波動帶來的破壞性影響。
The Petroleum Fund was established in 1990 after a decision by the country's legislature to counter the effects of the forthcoming decline in income and to smooth out the disruptive effects of highly fluctuating oil prices.
挪威政府全球養(yǎng)老基金，是通過挪威石油收入產(chǎn)生的盈余財富存入的基金。 2006年1月，更名為挪威石油基金。
石油基金是該國立法機構(gòu)于1990年設(shè)立的，目的是抵消未來可能的收入下降影響，并消除石油價格劇烈波動帶來的破壞性影響。
Norway has experienced economic surpluses since the development of its hydrocarbon resources in the 70s. This reality, coupled with the desire to mitigate volatility stemming from fluctuating oil prices, motivated the creation of Norway's Oil Fund, now the Government Pension Fund-Global (GPF-G).[4] The instability of oil prices has been of constant concern for oil-dependent countries since the start of the oil boom, but especially so in the decades following the first oil shocks in the 1970s.[5] As the real GDP of oil-exporting states is lixed with the price of oil, it has been a goal of these exporters to stabilize oil consumption patterns, and a host of these exporting states singled out sovereign wealth funds as an effective policy tool for achieving this outcome.[5] The adoption of the GPF-G has been in line global economic trends, especially investment patterns.
自上世紀70年代油氣資源開發(fā)以來，挪威的經(jīng)濟一直處于盈余狀態(tài)。 再加上想要減少油價波動帶來的影響，促使挪威建立了石油基金，現(xiàn)在是政府全球養(yǎng)老基金。
自石油繁榮開始以來，石油價格的不穩(wěn)定性一直是依賴石油出口的國家所共同關(guān)注的問題，但自從20世紀70年代第一次石油危機之后，幾十年里石油價格一直不穩(wěn)定。
由于石油出口國的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)與石油價格掛鉤，穩(wěn)定石油消費模式一直是這些出口國的目標，許多出口國都將主權(quán)財富基金作為實現(xiàn)這一目標的有效政策工具。
石油基金的設(shè)立符合全球經(jīng)濟趨勢，特別是投資模式。
自上世紀70年代油氣資源開發(fā)以來，挪威的經(jīng)濟一直處于盈余狀態(tài)。 再加上想要減少油價波動帶來的影響，促使挪威建立了石油基金，現(xiàn)在是政府全球養(yǎng)老基金。
自石油繁榮開始以來，石油價格的不穩(wěn)定性一直是依賴石油出口的國家所共同關(guān)注的問題，但自從20世紀70年代第一次石油危機之后，幾十年里石油價格一直不穩(wěn)定。
由于石油出口國的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)與石油價格掛鉤，穩(wěn)定石油消費模式一直是這些出口國的目標，許多出口國都將主權(quán)財富基金作為實現(xiàn)這一目標的有效政策工具。
石油基金的設(shè)立符合全球經(jīng)濟趨勢，特別是投資模式。
In September 2017, the fund exceeded US$1 trillion in value for the first time, a thirteen-fold increase since 2002. With a population of 5.2 million people, the fund was worth $192,307 per Norwegian citizen. Of the assets, 65% were equities (accounting for 1.3% of global equity markets), and the rest were property and fixed-income investments. Norway can withdraw up to 3% of the fund's value each year.[9] According to the forecast, a worst-case scenario for the fund value in 2030 was forecast at $455 billion, and a best case scenario at $3.3 trillion.[12] With 2.33 percent of European stocks,[13] it is the largest stock owner in Europe.[14]
2017年9月，該基金的價值首次超過1萬億美元，自2002年以來增長了13倍。 挪威人口為520萬，該基金的人均價值為19萬2307美元。 在這些資產(chǎn)中，65%是股票(占全球股票市場的1.3%)，其余是房地產(chǎn)和固定收益投資。 挪威每年最多可以提取該基金價值的3%用于政府開支。根據(jù)該預(yù)測，2030年，該基金的最壞情況為4550億美元，最好情況為3.3萬億美元 它擁有歐洲2.33%的股份，是歐洲最大的股東。
2017年9月，該基金的價值首次超過1萬億美元，自2002年以來增長了13倍。 挪威人口為520萬，該基金的人均價值為19萬2307美元。 在這些資產(chǎn)中，65%是股票(占全球股票市場的1.3%)，其余是房地產(chǎn)和固定收益投資。 挪威每年最多可以提取該基金價值的3%用于政府開支。根據(jù)該預(yù)測，2030年，該基金的最壞情況為4550億美元，最好情況為3.3萬億美元 它擁有歐洲2.33%的股份，是歐洲最大的股東。
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They are leaving a rich legacy and good foundation for next generations.
他們?yōu)橄乱淮粝铝烁挥械倪z產(chǎn)和良好的基礎(chǔ)。
"Society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they shall never sit in."
當(dāng)老人種下知道自己永遠都無法坐下乘涼的樹時，社會才會不斷發(fā)展進步。
e's a story about Napoleon on similar lines. He wakes up one day and calls his aide, and tells him he wants trees planted along the sides of all the principal routes of la France to shade his troops as they marched. "But Monsieur le Empereur!", squeaks the aide, "the trees will take thirty years to grow!"
"Well, then, we must start at once!"
拿破侖也有類似的故事。 有一天，他醒來，對他的助手說，他要在法國所有主干道的兩側(cè)種上樹木，以便他的部隊行進時能遮蔭。 “可是，皇帝先生!”副官尖聲說，“這些樹要三十年才能長好!”
“那么，我們必須現(xiàn)在就開始做了!”
"The best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago, the second best time is today"
種樹的最佳時間是20年前，其次最好的時間是今天”
How do I become Norwegian?
我該如何成為挪威人?
By being born to Norwegian parents.
父母是挪威人。
Have you got a plan B?
還有別的辦法嗎？
there are 2 main options (there are lots of other ways, but not applicable to everyone);
option 1: live in Norway for at least 7 of the last 10 years, and learn enough Norwegian to pass a "A2 proficiency test" (Norwegian is very easy to learn for english-speaking people though)
option 2: Mary a norwegian person and live in Norway for at least 3 of the last 10 years and learn enough Norwegian to pass a "A2 proficiency test" (again, Norwegian is very easy to learn for english-speaking people)
有2個主要條件(注:還有許多其他方法，但并不適用于所有人);
條件1:在挪威生活至少7年，并學(xué)習(xí)足夠的挪威語，通過“A2水平測試”(對于英語國家來說，挪威語是非常容易學(xué)習(xí)的)
條件2:結(jié)婚對象是挪威人，在挪威生活了至少3年，并學(xué)習(xí)了足夠的挪威語，通過“A2水平測試”
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://mintwatchbillionaireclub.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
Laughing in Russian, we have it all - oil, gas, diamonds, gold, you name it, and by our Constitution it all belongs to the people of Russia while in reality it all belongs to oligarchy and Putin's friends
作為俄國人笑出了聲，我們擁有的一切——石油、天然氣、鉆石、黃金，你能想到的一切，根據(jù)我們的憲法，這些都屬于俄羅斯人民，但實際上它們都屬于政治寡頭和普京的朋友們
Some pigs are more equal than others.
有些豬比其他豬更平等。
Yeah I live in Canada, we discovered oil over a hundred years ago and have given almost all of the money to a few companies that aren’t based out of canada. We are run by morons
是的，我住在加拿大，我們在一百多年前發(fā)現(xiàn)了石油，卻把幾乎所有的石油財富給了一些總部都不在加拿大的公司。 我們被一群白癡管理著
Look at the irony, our (Colombia) gold and other very valuable resources are being exploited by mainly Canadian corporations and the Saudi government...
諷刺的是，我們(哥倫比亞)的黃金和其他非常寶貴的資源正在被加拿大公司和沙特政府開采…
Theyre not canadian corporations. Theyre american and european corporations based in Canada because of fiscal advantages
他們不是加拿大公司。 他們是美國和歐洲的公司，只是為了省錢而把總部設(shè)在加拿大
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://mintwatchbillionaireclub.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
This mining company called Hydro, which biggest shareholder is the government of Norway (34,3%), is destroying the Amazon rainforest and killing the natives with heavy pollution . Of course Norway criticized Brazil because of deforestation, motherfuckers .
挪威政府是Hydro礦業(yè)公司的最大股東(34.3%)，該公司不斷破壞亞馬遜雨林，嚴重污染當(dāng)?shù)鼐用瘛?然后挪威還因為森林砍伐而批評巴西，真是雜種。
Here in Canada, we had the National Energy Program started by Trudeau that nationalized Canadian oil.The major oil companies used their political clout to get rid of it.Alberta specifically had the Heritage Trust Fund which was started before Norway started theirs. Our dirty politicians cleaned it out.Alberta lost potentially over a trillion dollars as a result. We could have been fat rich like Norway but we got screwed like the country rubes from There will be blood.
在加拿大，特魯多曾經(jīng)發(fā)起了一個國家能源計劃，旨在將加拿大的石油國有化。但石油公司則利用他們的政治影響力阻止了它。
阿爾伯塔省曾經(jīng)也有一個基金，早在挪威之前就開始運行了。 但我們那些骯臟的政客卻把它搞砸了。
阿爾伯塔省因此可能損失超過一萬億美元。 我們本可以像挪威一樣富裕，但我們卻像鄉(xiāng)巴佬一樣被耍了。
Alberta’s Heritage Savings Trust Fund was created almost 40 years ago by former premier Peter Lougheed with a one-time investment of $1.5 billion. Since then, the fund has dwindled in priority. At last count, it held $17.4 billion in oil and gas revenue. That’s less than two per cent of the amount in Norway’s savings account.
Norway realized revenues of $87.69 per barrel in 2013. Alaska managed $38.54. And Alberta? Just $4.38 — one-twentieth what our Norwegian cousins managed to rake in," Anderson writes.
Back in Alberta, that money has flowed into corporate coffers instead of into the public bank account.
Sometimes it’s seen that this is a social-democratic orientation that Norway’s taken. Quite the opposite. They’re ruthless capitalists and understand fiscal conservatism and capital finance.”
Leach says that the comparison to Norway just doesn’t recognize the history of the resource. Back in Lougheed’s day, Leach points out, there was an incredible amount of excess revenue due to oil embargoes. There was too much money not to invest. But then came the oil glut of 1986. Investments in the fund plummeted with the returns.
Added to its glory is that the principal is never touched, only the interest. Poelzer compares the outcomes — massive and predictable investments in roads, schools, welfare — as the golden eggs of a white goose, boosting competitiveness, education and well-being.
But he’s not naive about the significance of social consensus. Albertans aren’t exactly well-trained in delayed gratification. Some simply work here for a few years before moving somewhere with a better view of the ocean. Norway sports heavily regulated immigration and taxation. Most Albertans are incredibly averse to the latter, making it difficult to fill the gap that investments in the fund would require
阿爾伯塔省的信托基金是在40年前由前總理彼得·洛希德創(chuàng)建的，一次性投資15億美元。 自那以后，基金的優(yōu)先地位逐漸下降。 據(jù)最新統(tǒng)計，它目前只擁有174億美元的石油和天然氣收入。 這還不到挪威基金賬戶總金額的2%。
2013年，挪威實現(xiàn)了每桶石油87.69美元的回報。 阿拉斯加為38.54美元。 阿爾伯塔省? 只有4.38美元，是挪威投資回報的二十分之一。
而且在阿爾伯塔省，這筆錢最終流入了企業(yè)的金庫，而不是公共銀行賬戶。
有時人們以為挪威采取的是社會民主主義。 但恰恰相反。 他們是無情的資本家，懂得利用財政保守主義和金融投資攫取更多回報。
與挪威相比，阿爾伯塔省根本沒有認識到這一點。在彼得·洛希德時代，由于石油禁運帶來的超額石油收入高到令人難以置信。 阿爾伯塔省賺了太多的錢卻沒有投資。 等到1986年出現(xiàn)了石油過剩。 該基金的投資與回報一起暴跌。
挪威永遠不會動基金的本金，只會使用利息。并在道路、學(xué)校和福利領(lǐng)域進行大規(guī)?？深A(yù)測的投資——以此促進競爭力、教育和福祉。
而阿爾伯塔人沒有意識到達成社會共識的重要性，民眾在延遲滿足方面沒有受過良好的訓(xùn)練。 有些人在阿爾伯塔省工作幾年后，便搬到一個能看到更好海景的地方。
而挪威對移民和稅收進行了嚴格管制。 大多數(shù)阿爾伯塔人則非常反對后者，這使得政府想要填補基金投資所需的缺口變得十分困難。
Norway modeled its wealth fund after Alberta's, which was super progressive half a century ago.
Then all the dumbest assholes across the country flocked to Alberta for the awesome jobs, and consistently voted to privatize everything (including telecomunications, fuck you telus)
Boom industries attract non-critical thinkers who vote against their own interests and ruin everything.
挪威效仿的是阿爾伯塔省的財富基金模式，阿爾伯塔省在半個世紀前還非常進步。
然后加拿大全國所有的蠢蛋都蜂擁到阿爾伯塔省找工作，并且一致投票將一切私有化(包括電信，去TM的telus公司)
繁榮的產(chǎn)業(yè)吸引了沒有批判思維的人，他們投票反對自己的未來利益，然后毀掉了一切。
Canada did not nationalize oil under Trudeau. What the National Energy Plan was a protectionist price control system. The price of a barrel of oil produced in Alberta was frozen at $21.75/barrel. Whereas oil imported from abroad was bought at market prices of over $50/barrel.
The policy was popular early on because people associated the slight drops in prices with the plan. But then it became known that Canada has very limited infrastructure going east-west and actually, most of Ontario/Quebec's oil was coming from America. Price drops were actually just... normal market forces.
What this did was limited how much Alberta could sell their oil to Americans and so Americans would get half price oil from Alberta, refine it... and then ship it to Ontario for a large profit.
Trudeau had a semi-approach to nationalizing oil with the creation of Petro Canada 5 years before the National Energy Plan. Petro Canada gained all of the Canadian government's oilfield assets and bought out BP's refineries and a few other smaller oil companies. But it wasn't nationalized like Norway. Petro Canada was smaller than Irving Oil while it was government owned.
As for the Heritage Fund, Alberta could have never been as successful as Norway. Alberta has only ever received a portion of oil subsidies and the federal government gets the big cut of it. Because Alberta doesn't really control its own resources (like Norway does) it limits their ability to create refineries and expand. Alberta is also land locked which has meant for the last 60 years Alberta's main customer is America... all attempts at creating pipelines out of Alberta have been blocked by the federal government (Norway has no such problems, Europe happily has pipelines everywhere).
Finally, Norway was wealthy without oil. They didn't need their oil revenues to finance their social programs and quality of life, the oil was just an extra boon. Alberta on the other hand was very poor before oil... mostly farming. The Heritage Fund still exists and actually is still growing. The fund has an average rate of return of 8% and every now and then when times are tough the Heritage Fund's earnings are garnished to help pay for social programs.
特魯沒能將加拿大的石油國有化。 國家能源計劃只是一個帶有保護主義的價格控制系統(tǒng)。 阿爾伯塔省生產(chǎn)的石油價格限制在每桶21.75美元。 而從國外進口的石油是以每桶50美元以上的市場價格購買的。
這項政策一開始很受歡迎，因為人們把石油價格的小幅下降與該計劃聯(lián)系在一起。 但后來人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，加拿大東西方向的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施非常有限，所以安大略/魁北克的大部分石油都來自美國。 價格下降實際上只是正常的市場力量。
阿爾伯塔省的石油無法大量輸送安大略/魁北克省，反而是美國人可以半價從阿爾伯塔省獲得石油，然后提煉它……再運到安大略省大賺一筆
在國家能源計劃出臺5年前，特魯多就提出了將石油半國有化的思路，成立了加拿大石油公司。 加拿大石油公司獲得了加拿大政府所有的油田資產(chǎn)，并收購了英國石油公司的煉油廠和其他幾家較小的石油公司。 但它不像挪威那樣全面國有化。 加拿大石油公司完全被政府掌控的部分，比歐文石油公司的規(guī)模還小。
至于基金，阿爾伯塔省可能永遠不會像挪威那樣成功。 阿爾伯塔省只收取了一部分石油回報，而聯(lián)邦政府收取了大部分回報。阿爾伯塔省并不像挪威那樣真正控制自己的資源，這限制了他們建造煉油廠和擴張的能力。
阿爾伯塔省也是內(nèi)陸省，這意味著在過去60年里，阿爾伯塔省的主要客戶是美國……阿爾伯塔向外修建輸油管道的嘗試都被聯(lián)邦政府阻止了(挪威就沒有這樣的問題，歐洲到處都有輸油管道)。最后，挪威即使沒有石油也很富有。 他們不需要石油收入來支撐他們的社會項目和生活質(zhì)量，石油收入只是一個額外的福利。 另一方面，在石油出現(xiàn)之前，阿爾伯塔省非常貧窮。 主要依靠農(nóng)業(yè)。
阿爾伯塔省的基金仍然存在，實際上還在增長。 該基金的平均回報率為8%，每當(dāng)時局艱難時，基金的收益就會被用來資助社會項目。
North Dakota modeled our Legacy Fund after this. It’s been set up for a little over a decade and has generated $8.4 billion or so in savings.
And of course special interest groups and the Legislature are already trying to tap into it. All we’ve spent it on so far is helping balance the state budget, with some additional spending coming on highways and critical infrastructure.
They estimate it could be in the $200 billion range by 2060 if it was just left alone.
北達科他州的基金就是以挪威基金為榜樣。 它成立10年多一點，已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了大約84億美元的收益儲蓄。
當(dāng)然，特殊利益集團和立法機構(gòu)已經(jīng)試圖利用它。 到目前為止，我們把這些錢花在了平衡州預(yù)算上，并在高速公路和關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上增加了一些額外的支出。
如果不干預(yù)的話，到2060年，該基金的價值可能會達到2000億美元左右。
The Norwegian fund already creates more money in interest and profit from its investments than they do from oil each year so its a good self sustaining investment.
挪威基金每年從投資中創(chuàng)造的利息和利潤已經(jīng)超過了石油收入，所以這是一個很好的能夠自我維持的投資案例。
the revenue generated from this national fund has exceeded that of the oil and gas production since 2016. That is simply amazing. There is also political consensus on a limit to how much can be pulled out of the fund on a yearly basis in order to protect the growth of the fund and interests of future generations. The concept is that this natural resource does not simply belong to the random generation that stumbled upon it, but should benefit also future and unborn generarions. Then compare with other oil rich nations where sovereigns and their families are competing in the who-has-the-most-expensive-yacht-competition...
自2016年以來，挪威國家基金的收入已經(jīng)超過了油氣收入。 這簡直太神奇了。 為了保護基金的增長和子孫后代的利益，挪威對每年抽取資金的限度也達成了政治共識。自然資源不只屬于偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)它的某個世代，而應(yīng)該造福于未來子孫后代。 與其他石油國相比，這些石油國和他們的家族正在競爭誰擁有最昂貴的游艇……
As a non-Norwegian living in Norway, I saw the usefulness of this when Covid hit. They were able to use some of that money to help the workers who had temporarily (for almost a year, I guess) lost their jobs; Aircrew, pub workers, etc. There was money in the bank for them to ensure these workers had some sort of income.
作為一名生活在挪威的非挪威人，我在新冠疫情爆發(fā)時看到了基金的重要性。 他們可以用這些錢來幫助那些暫時(我猜是將近一年)失去工作的工人; 空勤人員、酒吧工作人員等。 銀行里有政府撥發(fā)的專門款項，以確保這些工人有一定的收入。
That's exactly how a developed country should behave
這才是一個發(fā)達國家應(yīng)該做的
The Netherlands found their gas reserves around the same time. Some political parties suggested to do the same as the Norwegians but instead they made it part of the national income. So we don’t have a big pile of money, but we do have a great bicycle infrastructure.
荷蘭大約在同一時間發(fā)現(xiàn)了天然氣。 一些政黨建議像挪威人那樣設(shè)立基金，但他們卻把天然氣變成了國家收入的一部分。 所以雖然我們荷蘭錢不是很多，但是我們有很棒的自行車基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。
To my knowledge it was for a large part earmarked for infrastructure projects. Given that our infrastructure is one of the best in the world I think that wasn't the worst choice.
據(jù)我所知，這筆錢有很大一部分專門用于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目。 考慮到我們的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是世界上最好的之一，我認為這并不是最糟糕的選擇。
Yea the Netherlands port and road infrastructure are what attracts a ton of business to the country.
是的，荷蘭的港口和道路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施吸引了大量商業(yè)項目到這個國家。
Also location matters. Netherlands is lucky . You are in a way a giant port of Europe mainland.
位置也很重要。荷蘭是幸運的。 在某種程度上，你們是歐洲大陸的一個巨大港口。
This pisses me off.
We're one of the largest natural gas exporters in the world but you cannot buy natural gas in this country that is produced in this country for a fair price anymore. Why?
25 years ago gas was practically free. Now it's unavailable and if you can get it the prices are astronomical.
Iron ore, our biggest export. But the economy and therefore the tax payer isn't benefiting. Gina Rinehart is. She's the one that makes all the money. The government takes home a hundred million and Gina takes a billion.
Oil rights are sold to Shell, BP, Ampol etc for royalties of a few cents per dollar of oil extracted.
Oh and these multinationals as well as paying a tiny pittance for the oil and gas they extract, don't pay any taxes on their earnings.
Norway having been a fairly poor country up to and after WW2 knew what they were on to. They told Big Oil to suck eggs and that if they wanted any of the revenue, they'd have to stump up the cash and take like ten percent otherwise Norway would just nationalise the fields, borrow the money and keep the entirety of the oil proceeds themselves. Surprisingly oil companies did the maths and came up with the notion that something is better than nothing and took the deal.
That's how the Norges kept their money. They told Oil to go fuck itself.
這讓我很生氣。
我們澳大利亞是世界上最大的天然氣出口國之一，但你無法在這個國家以合理的價格購買天然氣。 為什么?
25年前，天然氣幾乎是免費的。 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)買不到了，如果你能買到，價格也是天文數(shù)字。
鐵礦石是我們最大的出口產(chǎn)品。 但是國家經(jīng)濟和納稅人并沒有因此受益。 所有的錢都被吉娜萊因哈特賺了。 政府賺一億，她賺十億。
石油開采權(quán)被出售給殼牌、BP、Ampol等公司，每開采一美元石油，政府只收取幾美分的特許權(quán)使用費。
這些跨國公司除了為他們開采的石油和天然氣支付微薄的費用外，他們的收入基本不用繳稅。
挪威在二戰(zhàn)前后一直是一個相當(dāng)貧窮的國家，他們知道自己在做什么。 他們告訴石油巨頭們滾蛋。如果他們想要賺錢，就必須上繳大部分利潤，只能拿走10%的收益，否則挪威就會將這些油田國有化，自己擁有全部的石油收益。 令人驚訝的是，石油公司做了一番計算，本著 “有總比沒有好”的想法，接受了這筆交易。
挪威人就是這樣為自己爭取了利益。面對石油公司非常硬氣。
Every year the Nordic countries have a top 10 happiness rate, I don't know why all countries don't adopt their ways that can.
每年北歐國家的幸福指數(shù)都排在前十名，我不知道為什么所有的國家都不采用他們的方法。
Bear in mind that the population of Norway is only 5.3 million people. So a sovereign fund of over $1.3T makes each and every citizen worth nearly a quarter million USD. Revenue is highly volatile, so it's very hard to pin down how much the govt. has to spend per citizen from year to year.
For perspective, in order for the USA to have a similar amount per citizen and an equivalent withdraw last year, it would need a sovereign wealth fund worth nearly $81T USD, with a withdrawal of $2.3T dollars. The economy of the entire planet is only about $94T USD, according to google.
記住，挪威的人口只有530萬。 因此，超過1.3萬億美元的基金使得每個公民可以平均分得25萬美元。但是基金收入是非常不穩(wěn)定的，所以很難確定政府每年可以在每個公民身上花多少錢。
從這個角度來看，如果要讓美國擁有類似的人均存款和同比例的支取數(shù)額，它需要一個價值近81萬億美元的財富基金，并從中提取2.3萬億美元用于疫情救濟。 而根據(jù)谷歌的數(shù)據(jù)，全球經(jīng)濟總量也只有大約94萬億美元的規(guī)模。
I believe it is big enough and Norway's population is small enough that it technically makes every Norwegian a millionaire in their currency.
EDIT: 1.3 trillion USD -> 11.5 trillion NOK, with 5.4 million people you get 2.1 million NOK per Norwegian.
我認為挪威的國家基金足夠大，而挪威的人口又足夠少，從技術(shù)上講，每一個挪威人都可以成為挪威的百萬富翁。
1.3萬億美元=11.5萬億挪威克朗，挪威540萬人口，每個挪威人平均得到210萬挪威克朗。
The key part is in their currency. 2.1 million NOK is about $236,000 USD. Otherwise, every single person in Zimbabwe in 2007 was a millionaire lol
關(guān)鍵在于他們的貨幣價值。 210萬挪威克朗相當(dāng)于23.6萬美元。 否則按你的邏輯，2007年津巴布韋的每個人都是百萬富翁，哈哈
If you have 1.3mil nok in norway you are a millionaire in norway. The dollar has never been a defining standard
如果你在挪威擁有130萬挪威克朗，你就是挪威的百萬富翁。 美元從來都不是一個定義百萬富翁的標準。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://mintwatchbillionaireclub.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
I actually did a study of this not too long ago, and one of the major concerns of Norway is their reliance on their oil fund. They are trying to push their economy away from it's two larger sources - oil and fishing - and into more manufacturing and information services.
我不久前做過一個研究，挪威最關(guān)心的問題之一就是他們對石油基金過于依賴。 他們正試圖將經(jīng)濟從石油和漁業(yè)這兩大來源轉(zhuǎn)移到制造業(yè)和信息服務(wù)業(yè)。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://mintwatchbillionaireclub.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
Many rumblings about how we’re gonna make money once we stop producing oil
很多人都在議論，一旦我們停止生產(chǎn)石油，我們將如何賺錢
Btw: This fund guarantees a pension for every Norwegian who has not yet been born.
順便說一下，這一基金為每個尚未出生的挪威人提供養(yǎng)老金保障。
They did, few natural resources. they did the sensible thing,.
他們做到了，雖然其他自然資源很少。 但他們做了明智的事情。