英國(guó)田徑協(xié)會(huì)因“不準(zhǔn)確”解讀跨性別計(jì)劃中的法律而受到抨擊
UK Athletics under fire over ‘inaccurate’ reading of law amid transgender plans
譯文簡(jiǎn)介
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正文翻譯
UK Athletics under fire over ‘inaccurate’ reading of law amid transgender plans
-UKA says risk too high to ban trans women from female events
-Equality commission claimed it told UKA law permitted a ban
英國(guó)田徑協(xié)會(huì)因“不準(zhǔn)確”解讀跨性別計(jì)劃中的法律而受到抨擊
——田徑協(xié)會(huì)表示，禁止變性女性參加女性賽事的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)太高
——平權(quán)委員會(huì)則聲稱，他們告訴田徑協(xié)會(huì)法律批準(zhǔn)了這項(xiàng)禁令
-UKA says risk too high to ban trans women from female events
-Equality commission claimed it told UKA law permitted a ban
英國(guó)田徑協(xié)會(huì)因“不準(zhǔn)確”解讀跨性別計(jì)劃中的法律而受到抨擊
——田徑協(xié)會(huì)表示，禁止變性女性參加女性賽事的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)太高
——平權(quán)委員會(huì)則聲稱，他們告訴田徑協(xié)會(huì)法律批準(zhǔn)了這項(xiàng)禁令
(UKA’s new transgender position wants to keep female events for ‘competitors who were female at birth’.)
（田徑協(xié)會(huì)的新跨性別立場(chǎng)是希望為“出生時(shí)為女性的選手”保留女性項(xiàng)目。）
新聞：
The Equality and Human Rights Commission has taken the unprecedented step of criticising UK Athletics for its “inaccurate” interpretation of the law after UKA announced plans for a new transgender policy.
平等與人權(quán)委員會(huì)史無前例地批評(píng)英國(guó)田徑協(xié)會(huì)對(duì)法律的“不準(zhǔn)確”解釋，此前田徑協(xié)會(huì)宣布了一項(xiàng)新的變性人政策計(jì)劃。
平等與人權(quán)委員會(huì)史無前例地批評(píng)英國(guó)田徑協(xié)會(huì)對(duì)法律的“不準(zhǔn)確”解釋，此前田徑協(xié)會(huì)宣布了一項(xiàng)新的變性人政策計(jì)劃。
The EHRC’s intervention came hours after UKA said it wanted to ban transgender women from female events on fairness grounds – but it would be too “risky” to do so unless the government changes the law.
在平權(quán)委員會(huì)介入的幾個(gè)小時(shí)前，田徑協(xié)會(huì)表示，它希望基于公平的理由禁止跨性別女性參加女性賽事——但這樣做太“冒險(xiǎn)”了，除非政府修改法律。
在平權(quán)委員會(huì)介入的幾個(gè)小時(shí)前，田徑協(xié)會(huì)表示，它希望基于公平的理由禁止跨性別女性參加女性賽事——但這樣做太“冒險(xiǎn)”了，除非政府修改法律。
However the EHRC, the body responsible for promoting and upholding equality and human rights ideals and laws across England, Scotland and Wales, said that it had told UKA that it was wrong, and that such a ban was justified, beforehand.
然而，負(fù)責(zé)在英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士促進(jìn)和維護(hù)平等、人權(quán)理想和法律的平權(quán)委員會(huì)則表示，他們事先已經(jīng)告訴田徑協(xié)會(huì)不是這樣，而且這樣的禁令是合理的。
然而，負(fù)責(zé)在英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士促進(jìn)和維護(hù)平等、人權(quán)理想和法律的平權(quán)委員會(huì)則表示，他們事先已經(jīng)告訴田徑協(xié)會(huì)不是這樣，而且這樣的禁令是合理的。
It said it had made clear that section 195 of the 2010 Equality Act allows sports to restrict competition in the female category on safety and fairness grounds, a position government sources also reiterated.
它說，它已經(jīng)明確表示，《2010平等法案》第195條允許體育運(yùn)動(dòng)以安全和公平為由限制女性類別的比賽，政府消息人士也重申了這一立場(chǎng)。
它說，它已經(jīng)明確表示，《2010平等法案》第195條允許體育運(yùn)動(dòng)以安全和公平為由限制女性類別的比賽，政府消息人士也重申了這一立場(chǎng)。
“We reached out to UK Athletics and offered to discuss the legal advice underpinning their statement,” the EHRC said. “We are disappointed that they have chosen to publicise their inaccurate advice and we would urge all organisations to consult our website which explains equality law and how it relates to these issues.”
平權(quán)委員會(huì)表示：“我們聯(lián)系了英國(guó)田徑協(xié)會(huì)，并提出討論支持他們聲明的法律建議。我們對(duì)他們選擇公開他們不準(zhǔn)確的建議感到失望，我們敦促所有組織咨詢我們的網(wǎng)站，該網(wǎng)站解釋了平等法案，以及它與這些問題的關(guān)系。”
平權(quán)委員會(huì)表示：“我們聯(lián)系了英國(guó)田徑協(xié)會(huì)，并提出討論支持他們聲明的法律建議。我們對(duì)他們選擇公開他們不準(zhǔn)確的建議感到失望，我們敦促所有組織咨詢我們的網(wǎng)站，該網(wǎng)站解釋了平等法案，以及它與這些問題的關(guān)系。”
The dispute began when UKA said it wanted the women’s category to be reserved “for competitors who were female at birth, so that they can continue to compete fairly” – with everyone else in a new “open” category, which would replace the current male one.
這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)議始于田徑協(xié)會(huì)，該組織表示，希望女子比賽類別保留給“出生時(shí)為女性的參賽者，這樣她們就可以繼續(xù)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”——變性運(yùn)動(dòng)員應(yīng)該放在“開放”類別，并以之取代“男性”類別。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://mintwatchbillionaireclub.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)議始于田徑協(xié)會(huì)，該組織表示，希望女子比賽類別保留給“出生時(shí)為女性的參賽者，這樣她們就可以繼續(xù)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”——變性運(yùn)動(dòng)員應(yīng)該放在“開放”類別，并以之取代“男性”類別。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://mintwatchbillionaireclub.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
Such a path has already been taken by British Triathlon, the Rugby Football unx and Rugby Football League without any legal challenges. However, the UKA chair, Ian Beattie, said his organisation was fearful of making such a change having taken legal advice regarding the Gender Recognition Act of 2004.
英國(guó)鐵人三項(xiàng)、橄欖球聯(lián)盟和橄欖球聯(lián)盟已經(jīng)在沒有任何法律挑戰(zhàn)的情況下走上了這條道路。然而，英國(guó)田徑協(xié)會(huì)主席伊恩·比蒂說，他的組織害怕做出這樣的改變，因?yàn)樗麄円呀?jīng)就2004年的《性別承認(rèn)法案》征求了法律意見。
英國(guó)鐵人三項(xiàng)、橄欖球聯(lián)盟和橄欖球聯(lián)盟已經(jīng)在沒有任何法律挑戰(zhàn)的情況下走上了這條道路。然而，英國(guó)田徑協(xié)會(huì)主席伊恩·比蒂說，他的組織害怕做出這樣的改變，因?yàn)樗麄円呀?jīng)就2004年的《性別承認(rèn)法案》征求了法律意見。
“It states that people with gender recognition certificates have to be treated as female for all purposes,” he said. “And there’s not an exemption for that for sporting purposes.”
他說：“它規(guī)定，不管怎樣，持有（女性）性別識(shí)別證書的人都必須被視為女性。而出于體育目的，該規(guī)定是不能違背的?！?/b>
他說：“它規(guī)定，不管怎樣，持有（女性）性別識(shí)別證書的人都必須被視為女性。而出于體育目的，該規(guī)定是不能違背的?！?/b>
“If we don’t get a legal change, it will be very difficult for us to go ahead with this policy,” he said. “The risks to the organisation would be too high.”
他說：“如果我們不修改法律，我們將很難推行這項(xiàng)政策。因?yàn)榻M織面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)太高了?！?/b>
他說：“如果我們不修改法律，我們將很難推行這項(xiàng)政策。因?yàn)榻M織面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)太高了?！?/b>
However government sources said they were puzzled by UKA’s position, given the more recent Equality Act 2010 clearly permits restrictions on the participation of transgender people in gender-affected sporting competitions in order to uphold fair and safe competition.
然而，政府消息人士表示，他們對(duì)田徑協(xié)會(huì)的立場(chǎng)感到困惑，因?yàn)樽罱摹?010平等法案》已經(jīng)明確允許限制跨性別者參加會(huì)受性別影響的體育比賽，以維護(hù)公平和安全的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
然而，政府消息人士表示，他們對(duì)田徑協(xié)會(huì)的立場(chǎng)感到困惑，因?yàn)樽罱摹?010平等法案》已經(jīng)明確允許限制跨性別者參加會(huì)受性別影響的體育比賽，以維護(hù)公平和安全的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
They also said the law was clear that the act also displaced the rule that a person with a Gender Recognition Certificate is to be treated as being of their acquired gender.
他們還表示，法律也明確規(guī)定，該法案取代了此前的規(guī)定，即“擁有性別認(rèn)可證書的人將被視為該性別”。
他們還表示，法律也明確規(guī)定，該法案取代了此前的規(guī)定，即“擁有性別認(rèn)可證書的人將被視為該性別”。
Government officials also noted that during a roundtable meeting with senior leaders of sports governing bodies in June 2022, they were asked to raise any concerns about potential legal challenges. None were forthcoming.
政府官員還指出，在2022年6月與體育管理機(jī)構(gòu)高級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人舉行的圓桌會(huì)議上，他們被要求提出對(duì)潛在法律挑戰(zhàn)的任何擔(dān)憂。但沒有一個(gè)是有效的。
政府官員還指出，在2022年6月與體育管理機(jī)構(gòu)高級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人舉行的圓桌會(huì)議上，他們被要求提出對(duì)潛在法律挑戰(zhàn)的任何擔(dān)憂。但沒有一個(gè)是有效的。
UKA’s position statement was issued in response to proposals from World Athletics, which would allow trans women and athletes with differences of sex development to compete in the elite female category if they lower their blood testosterone to below 2.5 nanomoles per litre for 24 months.
田徑協(xié)會(huì)的立場(chǎng)聲明是對(duì)世界田聯(lián)提議的回應(yīng)，該提議允許跨性別女性和性別發(fā)育不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)員在24個(gè)月內(nèi)將血液睪酮水平降低到每升2.5納米摩爾以下的情況下參加精英女性比賽。
田徑協(xié)會(huì)的立場(chǎng)聲明是對(duì)世界田聯(lián)提議的回應(yīng)，該提議允許跨性別女性和性別發(fā)育不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)員在24個(gè)月內(nèi)將血液睪酮水平降低到每升2.5納米摩爾以下的情況下參加精英女性比賽。
Several British female athletes, including Beth Dobbin, Emily Diamond, Amelia Strickler and Ellie Baker, have called the plan unfair. UKA agrees, citing the science showing that trans women “retain a testosterone/puberty advantage over biological females regardless of the reduction of post puberty testosterone levels”.
包括貝絲·多賓、艾米麗·戴蒙德、阿米莉亞·斯特里克勒和艾麗·貝克在內(nèi)的幾名英國(guó)女運(yùn)動(dòng)員都認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃不公平。田徑協(xié)會(huì)對(duì)此表示同意，并引用科學(xué)研究表明，跨性別女性“盡管青春期后睪酮水平下降，但與原生女性相比，她們?nèi)员３种G酮/青春期的優(yōu)勢(shì)”。
包括貝絲·多賓、艾米麗·戴蒙德、阿米莉亞·斯特里克勒和艾麗·貝克在內(nèi)的幾名英國(guó)女運(yùn)動(dòng)員都認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃不公平。田徑協(xié)會(huì)對(duì)此表示同意，并引用科學(xué)研究表明，跨性別女性“盡管青春期后睪酮水平下降，但與原生女性相比，她們?nèi)员３种G酮/青春期的優(yōu)勢(shì)”。
The campaign group Sex Matters said its legal advice concurred with the government and not UKA. “Sex Matters agrees with UKA that female-only sports are essential to provide safe and fair competition for women. But female-only competition is already lawful under the Equality Act.”
“性問題”運(yùn)動(dòng)組織表示，他們的法律建議與政府一致，而不是田徑協(xié)會(huì)。“‘性問題’同意田徑協(xié)會(huì)的觀點(diǎn)，即女性專屬運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)于為女性提供安全和公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)至關(guān)重要。但根據(jù)《平等法案》，僅限女性參賽已經(jīng)是合法的了（因此不存在田徑協(xié)會(huì)所說的法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顧慮）?！?/b>
“性問題”運(yùn)動(dòng)組織表示，他們的法律建議與政府一致，而不是田徑協(xié)會(huì)。“‘性問題’同意田徑協(xié)會(huì)的觀點(diǎn)，即女性專屬運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)于為女性提供安全和公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)至關(guān)重要。但根據(jù)《平等法案》，僅限女性參賽已經(jīng)是合法的了（因此不存在田徑協(xié)會(huì)所說的法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顧慮）?！?/b>
However the LGBTQ+ organisation Stonewall urged UKA to reconsider its position and to keep allowing trans women in female sport.
然而，各種性別戀組織“石墻”敦促田徑協(xié)會(huì)重新考慮其立場(chǎng)，并繼續(xù)允許跨性別女性參加女子運(yùn)動(dòng)。
然而，各種性別戀組織“石墻”敦促田徑協(xié)會(huì)重新考慮其立場(chǎng)，并繼續(xù)允許跨性別女性參加女子運(yùn)動(dòng)。
“The 2021 census data tells us that trans women make up 0.1% of the population in England and Wales. The trans population may be small, but they have every right to participate in sports and enjoy the many physical, mental and community benefits of sports,” said Robbie de Santos, Stonewall’s director of communications.
“2021年的人口普查數(shù)據(jù)告訴我們，變性女性只占英格蘭和威爾士人口的0.1%。變性人的人數(shù)可能不多，但他們完全有權(quán)利參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，享受體育運(yùn)動(dòng)在身體、精神和社區(qū)方面的諸多好處，”“石墻”的公關(guān)總監(jiān)羅比·德·桑托斯稱。
“2021年的人口普查數(shù)據(jù)告訴我們，變性女性只占英格蘭和威爾士人口的0.1%。變性人的人數(shù)可能不多，但他們完全有權(quán)利參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，享受體育運(yùn)動(dòng)在身體、精神和社區(qū)方面的諸多好處，”“石墻”的公關(guān)總監(jiān)羅比·德·桑托斯稱。
“It is vital that sports use robust evidence from the actual practice and experience of their sports, when seeking to upxe inclusion and participation policies.”
“在尋求更新包容和參與政策時(shí)，體育運(yùn)動(dòng)必須使用來自其體育項(xiàng)目實(shí)際實(shí)踐和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的有力證據(jù)。”
“在尋求更新包容和參與政策時(shí)，體育運(yùn)動(dòng)必須使用來自其體育項(xiàng)目實(shí)際實(shí)踐和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的有力證據(jù)。”
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Oh man, all 2 or 3 serious athletes in the UK who are trans really deserve the constant news cycles....
It is absurd how far this has all been blown out of proportion.
哦，伙計(jì)，英國(guó)所有2、3個(gè)變性運(yùn)動(dòng)員真的值得不斷的新聞循環(huán)……
荒謬的是，這一切都被夸大了。
In fairness, the women who dedicated their lives to their athletic careers only to be absolutely smashed by trans women probably have strong feelings about this.
I’m not anti-LGBTQ but I recognise that there are certain biological advantages a trans woman would have over other women in sports.
公平地說，那些把一生都奉獻(xiàn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)事業(yè)，卻被跨性別女性徹底擊敗的女性可能對(duì)此有強(qiáng)烈的感受。
我不反對(duì)各種性別戀，但我承認(rèn)跨性別女性在體育方面比其他原生女性有某些生理上的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
Exactly. This is not about the number of trans people, this is about pretty much the whole of women sports.
But I think they are wrong. The Equality Act says you can make exceptions if the requirement is necessary.
完全正確。這不是變性人數(shù)量的問題，而是事關(guān)整個(gè)女性運(yùn)動(dòng)。
但我認(rèn)為他們錯(cuò)了?！镀降确ò浮芬?guī)定，如果有必要，你可以例外。
I'd love to know how they will factor in intersex people- they make up roughly 2% of the population, which is about 1,346,600 people in the UK.
There are only 4,910 fully transitioned people in the UK. That is 0.007% of the population. Actually percentages as well- not 0.7%, 0.007%.
People like Caster Semeya, who NATURALLY are more masculine than other women are the ones who will be overwhelmingly effected here, not trans people. Again, the ratio between the two groups is 286:1, and that's ignoring all the intersex people who also are trans.
我很想知道他們是怎么把雙性人考慮進(jìn)來的——他們大約占人口的2%，在英國(guó)大約有1346600人。
全英國(guó)只有4910個(gè)完全變性人。占總?cè)丝诘?.007%。實(shí)際上百分比也一樣，不是0.7%，而是是0.007%。
像Caster Semeya這樣天生比其他女性更男性化的人，在這里會(huì)受到壓倒性的影響，而不是那些變性人。同樣，兩類之間的比例是286:1，這還忽略了所有既是雙性人同時(shí)也是變性人的人。
Most intersex people don't get any advantages. Literally, stuff like having a micro dick is included under intersex umbrella, so against popular believe most intersex people are still clearly male or female. So this doesn't affect 2% of UK's population, it affects only a small percentage of those 2%. But Semeya is an example that has an advantage due to being intersex and has been banned from competitions until she lowers her testosterone levels (which she refuses to do).
大多數(shù)雙性人沒有任何優(yōu)勢(shì)。從字面上看，像擁有微型JB這樣的東西都被包括在雙性人的保護(hù)傘下，所以與流行的觀點(diǎn)相反，大多數(shù)雙性人仍然明顯是男性或女性。所以這并不影響英國(guó)的這2%的人口，它只影響了這2%中的一小部分。但Semeya是一個(gè)例子，由于她是雙性人，她被禁止參加比賽，直到她降低睪酮水平（她拒絕這樣做）。
You are correct about not everyone being effected, but intersex conditions are diverse and widely underdiagnosed, so it is still significant, especially in comparison to the very small number of legally recognised trans people. That low number is imo the more important one- it's far, far less than how people have been talkin about it. Most of the ~262,000 trans people in this country aren't a part of this conversation
Why should Semenya have to change it? She has a biological advantage, true, but isn't that an essential aspect of competitive sports? Are we gonna start banning Kalenjin people for having innate advantages- they literally make up 40% of Olympic and World Cross medalists for a tribe of 6,700,000 people, meaning that they have a fucking 4978% advantage. Comparative studies of trans and cis women find that the advantage they have is 12%- 0.2% of the advantage this Kenyan tribe can achieve.
What about height? Muscle propensity? Any of the other morphological ways a person may be genetically advantaged? How about socially advantaged? How they were raised? What sort of training they have available? The diet they can afford? To again go back to trans people- that 12% was naturally a correlational measure, but did not means-test against extraneous factors such as height and base muscle mass. For good reason, for these are precisely the factors that can give trans women a (12%) edge (Also, edge in what? Doing push-ups was what was measured, but would those same benefits apply across all sports?). But what about the cis women who already have that edge? How are they fundamentally different, when we get to the spirit of competition? How is that different from the Kalenjin, whose advantage is so extraordinarily disproportional? What is fair? Where do we stop?
And that's not to say how insensitive it is to try and force an individual to alter their own body, at the expense of their own health, to cripple themselves, for 'fairness' as Caster Semanya has been demanded to.
Or not to ignore the fact that normal-sexed female Africans have naturally higher levels of testosterone01723-4/pdf), putting many of them above the standard 5nmol/L limit.
Who are we making it fair for?
If an intersex or trans person isn't allowed in women's sport, and they compete in male sports instead, are they not then given an unfair disadvantage based on their biological sex? Is that then an injustice to them?
你說的沒錯(cuò)，并不是每個(gè)人都被影響了，但雙性人的情況是多種多樣的，而且診斷不足的情況也很多，所以這仍然很重要，尤其是與法律認(rèn)可的變性人的數(shù)量非常少相比。在我看來，這個(gè)低數(shù)字是更重要的一點(diǎn)——它遠(yuǎn)比人們談?wù)撍姆绞揭俚枚?。這個(gè)國(guó)家大約262000名跨性別者中的大多數(shù)人都沒有參與到這場(chǎng)對(duì)話中來
為什么Semenya要改變呢？她確實(shí)有生理上的優(yōu)勢(shì)，但這難道不是競(jìng)技體育的一個(gè)重要方面嗎？我們要開始禁止卡倫津人擁有先天優(yōu)勢(shì)嗎？一個(gè)670萬人口的部落中，卻產(chǎn)生了40%的奧運(yùn)會(huì)和世界十字獎(jiǎng)牌得主，這意味著他們tmd有4978%的優(yōu)勢(shì)。對(duì)跨性別和原生性別女性的比較研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，她們所擁有的優(yōu)勢(shì)只有這個(gè)肯尼亞部落所能達(dá)到的優(yōu)勢(shì)的12%- 0.2%。
還有身高呢？肌肉傾向呢？還有其他形態(tài)上的優(yōu)勢(shì)呢？社會(huì)優(yōu)勢(shì)呢？他們的成長(zhǎng)過程呢？他們有什么樣的培訓(xùn)呢？他們能負(fù)擔(dān)得起的飲食呢？再回到變性人——12%自然是一個(gè)相關(guān)的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但沒有對(duì)身高和基礎(chǔ)肌肉量等外部因素進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況調(diào)查。這是有原因的，因?yàn)檫@些正是讓跨性別女性擁有（12%）優(yōu)勢(shì)的因素（還有，在哪些方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)？做俯臥撐是能被衡量的，但這些好處是否適用于所有運(yùn)動(dòng)？）但那些已經(jīng)擁有這種優(yōu)勢(shì)的原生女性呢？當(dāng)我們談到競(jìng)爭(zhēng)精神時(shí)，它們有什么本質(zhì)上的不同？這與優(yōu)勢(shì)是如此不成比例的卡倫津人有何不同？什么是公平？我們應(yīng)該止步于何處？
這并不是說試圖強(qiáng)迫一個(gè)人改變自己的身體，以犧牲自己的健康為代價(jià)，為了“公平”而削弱自己是多么麻木不仁，就像Caster Semanya被要求的那樣。
或者不要忽視這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即正常性別的非洲女性天生就具有更高的睪酮水平，使許多人超過了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的5nmol/L的限制。
我們?cè)跒檎l創(chuàng)造公平？
如果雙性人或變性人不允許參加女子運(yùn)動(dòng)，并且他們參加男子運(yùn)動(dòng)，那么他們不是因?yàn)樯硇詣e而處于不公平的劣勢(shì)嗎？那么這對(duì)他們來說是是不是不公平呢？
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Semenya
Has XY chromosomes, no?
“Semenya”
他是XY染色體（所以就應(yīng)該算男性），不是嗎？
And a vagina, tits, ovaries, hormones (all the others are normal and her testosterone is below what is healthy for a man) and everything else a female has.
Modern Anthropology and Medicine treats sex as bi-modal, not binary- there are two dominant extremes (male and female), but a wide gulf between the two where intersex and transitioned trans people fall. What sex an individual has is determined by a combination of morphological, hormonal, and finally, genetic measurements.
The chromosome (23rd) composition is actually considered the least important. While it is usually determinant of the further characteristics of sex, it is no more 'your sex' as chromosomes 16 are 'your eye colour'. They are both informative to what it may be, but are generally best superceded by other data. There are cases where chromosomal sex may be important- the XY chromosomes, for instance, have limited redundancy, meaning certain genetic diseases are far more common in males- but broadly it's not as important. Most diseases determined by sex are the from morphological or hormonal tendencies- breast cancer for instance is the result of the breasts' abnormally high rate of division, and so is just as likely in a transitioned woman or intersex woman than in a cis woman.
All the factors- secondary sex characteristics, primary sex characteristics, hormones, and then chromosomes- determine one's sex. I mean, Semanya herself lead a fruitful life assuming she was 100% female until she was forced to test.
It's why intersex people are so relatively common- and are likely even more common than what we currently know. There's a lot that goes into determining sex, and anyone might be off in that regard. You may be and not know! It's not like we go around testing everyone's genetics.
還有陰道、乳頭、卵巢、荷爾蒙（其他都是正常的，她的睪丸激素低于男性健康水平）以及女性擁有的一切。
現(xiàn)代人類學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)認(rèn)為性是雙態(tài)的，而不是二元的——有兩個(gè)主要的極端（男性和女性），但在這兩個(gè)極端之間有一個(gè)巨大的鴻溝，在這兩個(gè)極端之間，雙性人和變性人的差異很大。個(gè)體的性別是由形態(tài)學(xué)、激素以及最后的基因測(cè)量綜合決定的。
染色體（第23對(duì)）的組成實(shí)際上被認(rèn)為是最不重要的因素。雖然染色體通常決定性別的進(jìn)一步特征，但它不再是“你的性別”，就像第16對(duì)染色體是“你的眼睛顏色”。它們都可能提供信息，但通常最好由其他數(shù)據(jù)取代。在某些情況下，染色體性別可能很重要——比如，XY染色體的冗余有限，這意味著某些遺傳疾病在男性中更為常見——但從廣義上講，它并不那么重要。大多數(shù)由性別決定的疾病是由形態(tài)或激素傾向引起的——比如，乳腺癌是乳房異常高分裂率的結(jié)果，因此，與原生性女性相比，變性女性或雙性女性同樣可能發(fā)生乳腺癌。
所有的因素——第二性征、原性征、荷爾蒙，然后才是染色體——決定了一個(gè)人的性別。我的意思是，之前Semanya自己也過著認(rèn)為自己是100%女性的豐富多彩的生活，，直到她被迫性別檢測(cè)。
這就是為什么雙性人如此普遍——甚至可能比我們目前所知道的還要普遍。決定性別有很多因素，在這方面任何人都可能出錯(cuò)。你可能知道，也可能不知道！我們又不會(huì)到處檢測(cè)每個(gè)人的基因。
ovaries
I think you don't understand how biology works.
She has no ovaries and no uterus. So no, not everything a female has.
“卵巢”
我覺得你不懂生物學(xué)的原理。
她沒有卵巢和子宮。所以，不，她沒有女性擁有的所有器官。
On a double check, that is correct- she has a vagina, so I assumed she had Swyer syndrome, but it must be another condition- possible androgen insensitivity (if so... her testosterone levels, by definition, are not effecting her body. But lM I made a mistake assumin before so I won't again).
It's still only one trait of the several that determines sex. Heck, if chromosomes are yer thing, there are people PCOS that have higher testosterone than Semanya, but are XX. Or if we go purely off chromosomes, folk can be male and XX due to congenital issues, and it'd be on the face of it mad ta put em against the majority of women in a bracket.
There are even forms of transitional intersexuality, such as Guevedoces, an intersex community type found as distant as Hispaniola and Papua, where some girls (genetically XY- though not all transition, many grow up unchanged) at age 12 (hence the name) grow a penis and testes. Their labia fuses, their ovaries become balls and drop, and they grow into being males.
經(jīng)過仔細(xì)核實(shí)，這是正確的——她有陰道，所以我認(rèn)為她有斯維爾綜合癥，但這肯定是另一種情況——可能是雄激素不敏感（如果是這樣的話……根據(jù)定義，她的睪丸激素水平不會(huì)影響她的身體。但是我之前犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，所以我不會(huì)再犯了）。
這仍然只是決定性別的幾個(gè)特征中的一個(gè)。見鬼，如果染色體是你的東西，有些多囊癥患者的睪丸激素比Semanya高，但卻是XX?；蛘呷绻覀兗兇鈴娜旧w出發(fā)，由于先天問題，人們可以既是男性也是XX，從表面上看，將他們與大多數(shù)女性相提并論是瘋狂的。
甚至還有一些過渡性中間性的形式，比如Guevedoces，這是一個(gè)在遙遠(yuǎn)的伊斯帕尼奧拉島和巴布亞島發(fā)現(xiàn)的中間性社區(qū)類型，那里的一些女孩（基因上是XY——雖然不是所有人都是過渡性，許多人長(zhǎng)大后沒有變化）會(huì)在12歲（因此而命名為“過渡性”）長(zhǎng)出陰莖和睪丸。她們的陰唇融合，卵巢變成球狀并脫落，然后長(zhǎng)成男性。
This all seems rather reactionary especially given we don't currently see trans women dominating the sports they currently compete in alongside other women.
這一切似乎相當(dāng)反動(dòng)，尤其是考慮到我們目前還沒有看到跨性別女性在她們目前與其他女性一起參加的運(yùn)動(dòng)中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。
I mean, there's an easy fix, ban trans women who experienced male puberty only allow trans women who went on puberty blockers to compete. Kills stories like this instantly; avoid a potential future reactionary ban on all trans athletes if they do begin dominating sports. This generation will probably be the last generation of trans folk to grow up without puberty blockers anyway.
我想說，有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的解決辦法，禁止經(jīng)歷過男性青春期的跨性別女性，而只允許服用青春期阻斷劑的跨性別女性參加比賽。立刻扼殺這樣的故事——如果變性運(yùn)動(dòng)員開始統(tǒng)治體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，那么避免未來可能出現(xiàn)的對(duì)所有變性運(yùn)動(dòng)員的禁令。不管怎樣，這一代可能是最后一代在成長(zhǎng)過程中沒有青春期阻斷劑的變性人了。
don't worry, the government and media are hard at work to ensure many coming generations of trans people will grow up without puberty blockers, or indeed very little medical transitioning at all
別擔(dān)心，政府和媒體正在努力工作，以確保許多下一代跨性別者在成長(zhǎng)過程中沒有青春期阻斷劑，或者實(shí)際上幾乎沒有醫(yī)學(xué)上的變性
If there are more than 2 sexes then there should be more than 2 divisions to the athletes.
Eg born male now female and born female now male.
If there are only 2 sexes then it's irrelevant what gender you now identify as and you should compete by your sex.
I've no idea how they govern the use of testosterone. It's effectively a performance enhancing drug.
I would imagine the male to female trans athletes would easily dominate the female born athletes. Which seems unfair.
如果有兩種以上的性別，那么運(yùn)動(dòng)員就應(yīng)該也劃分為兩種以上的組別。
也就是增加“生為男性，現(xiàn)為女性”和“生為女性，現(xiàn)為男性”組別。
如果只有兩種性別，那么你現(xiàn)在認(rèn)定的性別是無關(guān)緊要的，你應(yīng)該根據(jù)你的性別競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
我不知道他們是怎么控制睪酮的使用的。這是一種有效的興奮劑。
我可以想象，從男變女的跨性別運(yùn)動(dòng)員會(huì)很容易地統(tǒng)治女性出生的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。這似乎不公平。
Problem is, trans athletes will almost certainly make the podium when they do compete. For women's sport, that's a major imbalance. A tiny percentage as you say, true, but between them massively over-represented among women medallists.
I don't know the answer, but whichever way you go, one group ends up unhappy.
問題是，變性運(yùn)動(dòng)員在比賽時(shí)幾乎肯定會(huì)登上領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)臺(tái)。對(duì)于女子運(yùn)動(dòng)來說，這是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的不平衡。你說的比例很小，沒錯(cuò)，但在她們中間，變性女性的獎(jiǎng)牌獲得者的比例大大超過了原生女性。
我不知道答案，但不管你怎么搞，總有一組人不開心。
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Theres enough trans athletes that could have chosen to not compete but did so anyway. Might never have been an issue otherwise.
有很多變性運(yùn)動(dòng)員本可以選擇不參加比賽，但他們還是這么做了。否則就不會(huì)有這個(gè)問題了。
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Women deserve it being in the news. It affects 50% of humans in the UK.
女人應(yīng)該上新聞。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)問題影響了英國(guó)50%的人。
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Yeah, because discrimianting against minorities is currently illegal.
是啊，因?yàn)槠缫暽贁?shù)族裔目前是非法的。
Trans participation in sport categorically does not affect all women. Trans people make up a very small proportion of the population, and the chunk that competes in sport is even smaller, so the number of cis women actually affected by it is also a tiny number.
The constant framing of these things as an assault on women is also so disingenuous. Data shows that a majority of women are supportive of trans inclusion, certainly more so than men.
變性人參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)并不絕對(duì)影響所有女性?？缧詣e者在人口中所占的比例非常小，參加體育比賽的人更少，所以受此影響的順性女性的數(shù)量也很小。
不斷將這些事情定性為對(duì)女性的侵犯也是如此虛偽。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，大多數(shù)女性支持包容跨性別者，當(dāng)然比男性更多。
Yes, I'm sure during some of the largest strikes in the last decade, the 2-4 trans athletes are what really need government action right now.
是的，我相信在過去十年中一些最大的罷工中，2-4名跨性別運(yùn)動(dòng)員是現(xiàn)在真正需要政府采取行動(dòng)的議題。
People really are falling for this culture war crap hook, line, and sinker. Completely failed the country? Just find a minority to hate to distract people with!
人們真的完全被這種文化戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的扯淡給騙了。這個(gè)國(guó)家是徹底失敗了嗎？只找一個(gè)少數(shù)群體來討厭，來分散人們的注意力！