Although cooperation declined in the years after the collapse of the USSR, Moscow is now returning to the continent, and so is the language

盡管蘇聯(lián)解體后的幾年里合作有所下降，但莫斯科現(xiàn)在重新回到了非洲大陸，俄語也隨之再度流行起來。

Many Africans learned Russian while studying in Soviet universities, and though cooperation between Moscow and the continent declined in the years after the collapse of the USSR, Russia is now returning, and so is the language.

許多非洲人在蘇聯(lián)大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)期間學(xué)會(huì)了俄語。盡管在蘇聯(lián)解體后的幾年里，莫斯科和非洲大陸之間的合作有所下降，但現(xiàn)在俄羅斯正在回歸，俄語也再度流行起來。

The ideas and values of Russia are close to the hearts of many Africans. This may explain the growing interest in the Russian language, which, according to the Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, is spoken by 255 million people worldwide as of 2022, and is the second most frequently used language for web content after English.

俄羅斯的思想和價(jià)值觀與許多非洲人的心靈相通。這或許可以解釋俄語日益受到關(guān)注的原因。根據(jù)普希金俄語語言學(xué)院的數(shù)據(jù)，截至2022年，全球有2.55億人會(huì)說俄語，且俄語是英語之后在網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容中使用頻率第二高的語言。

The Soviet unx laid a solid foundation for cooperating with African countries – in fact, without this basis, any major partnership would be impossible today. The USSR educated an entire generation of highly-skilled specialists who formed Africa’s new elites. Because of this, Africa has long considered Russia to be a provider of excellent (and inexpensive) higher education.

蘇聯(lián)為與非洲國(guó)家的合作打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，事實(shí)上，如果沒有這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)，如今任何重要的合作伙伴關(guān)系都將不可能存在。蘇聯(lián)培養(yǎng)了一整代高技能專業(yè)人士，他們成為非洲的新精英。由于這個(gè)原因，非洲長(zhǎng)期以來都認(rèn)為俄羅斯提供的高等教育質(zhì)量卓越且價(jià)格便宜。

Soviet solutions to African problems
The decision to train specialists from African countries was part of the Soviet unx’s long-term strategy. To help educate young people from Africa and other world regions, the Peoples’ Friendship University was established in 1960. A year later, the institution was named after Patrice Lumumba – the national hero of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, who became a symbol of Africa’s anti-colonial struggle after he was brutally assassinated (with the help of the CIA and the Belgian State Security Service) in 1961.

蘇聯(lián)對(duì)非洲問題的解決方案
培養(yǎng)來自非洲國(guó)家的專業(yè)人才是蘇聯(lián)長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)略的一部分。為了幫助非洲和其他地區(qū)的年輕人接受教育，蘇聯(lián)于1960年建立了人民友誼大學(xué)。一年后，該機(jī)構(gòu)以剛果民主共和國(guó)的民族英雄帕特里斯·盧蒙巴(Patrice Lumumba)的名字命名，他在1961年遭到殘酷暗殺（得到了美國(guó)中央情報(bào)局和比利時(shí)國(guó)家安全部隊(duì)的幫助）后成為了非洲反殖民斗爭(zhēng)的象征.

The establishment of the People’s Friendship University was part of the Soviet unx’s effort to help its African partners, who had just broken the yoke of colonialism. At the time, there were only 25 universities throughout Africa, and the scientific and pedagogical environment in these institutions was only starting to develop. As a result, representatives of the African elites were mostly educated in Western universities.

人民友誼大學(xué)的建立是蘇聯(lián)努力幫助剛擺脫殖民統(tǒng)治的非洲合作伙伴的一部分。當(dāng)時(shí)，整個(gè)非洲只有25所大學(xué)，這些學(xué)府的科學(xué)與教育環(huán)境才剛剛開始發(fā)展。因此，非洲精英的代表大多在西方大學(xué)接受教育。

African students went to the USSR to acquire an in-demand profession that would allow them to make a rapid ‘social leap’ when they returned home. This is why the most popular areas of study for African students were engineering, technology, and agriculture. At one point, over 14% of foreign graduates from Soviet universities were Africans.
Almost 90% of all graduates of African descent completed their university studies, while the remaining 10% graduated from secondary vocational schools. In addition to theory, they also studied the practical aspects of working with Soviet equipment, which helped them to become indispensable specialists in their homeland.

非洲學(xué)生前往蘇聯(lián)學(xué)習(xí)一項(xiàng)備受需求的專業(yè)，這將使他們?cè)诨貒?guó)后能夠快速實(shí)現(xiàn)“社會(huì)躍升”。這就是為什么工程、技術(shù)和農(nóng)業(yè)是非洲學(xué)生最受歡迎的學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域。在某個(gè)時(shí)期，蘇聯(lián)大學(xué)外國(guó)畢業(yè)生中超過14%為非洲人。
幾乎90%的非洲裔畢業(yè)生完成了他們的大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)，而剩下的10%則是從中等職業(yè)學(xué)校畢業(yè)。除了理論知識(shí)，他們還學(xué)習(xí)了與蘇聯(lián)設(shè)備合作的實(shí)際操作，這幫助他們成為祖國(guó)不可或缺的專家。

From 1960-1992, the Soviet unx trained over 40,500 specialists from sub-Saharan Africa. Most graduates (49%) studied at institutions in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR); others were trained in the Ukrainian SSR.
All these people spoke Russian, since students from African countries had to take preparatory language courses for one year. This was the main advantage of Soviet education.

從1960年到1992年，蘇聯(lián)培訓(xùn)了來自撒哈拉以南非洲的超過40,500名專業(yè)人士。大多數(shù)畢業(yè)生（49%）在俄羅斯蘇維埃聯(lián)邦社會(huì)主義共和國(guó)（RSFSR）的機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)習(xí)；其他人則在烏克蘭蘇維埃社會(huì)主義共和國(guó)接受培訓(xùn)。
所有這些人都會(huì)說俄語，因?yàn)閬碜苑侵迖?guó)家的學(xué)生們必須進(jìn)行一年的俄語預(yù)備課程。這是蘇聯(lián)教育的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)。

Nevertheless, there was a problem since few of these people passed on their language skills to others. When they returned home, many graduates gradually forgot the language due to a lack of practice. Some complained about the lack of programs allowing them to maintain their language skills. Moreover, less than 1% of the graduates majored in Russian Studies. Most went on to work in the field of economics, where they never had to speak Russian.
However, for many Africans, the exciting years of study in the Soviet republics overshadowed any shortcomings. Many remember their studies with affection and some even consider Russia their second homeland.

然而，存在一個(gè)問題，因?yàn)楹苌儆羞@些人將他們的語言技能傳授給他人。當(dāng)他們回國(guó)后，許多畢業(yè)生由于缺乏練習(xí)逐漸忘記了俄語。一些人抱怨缺乏允許他們保持語言技能的計(jì)劃。此外，不到1%的畢業(yè)生主修俄語專業(yè)，大多數(shù)人進(jìn)入經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域工作，根本不需要說俄語。
然而，對(duì)許多非洲人來說，在蘇聯(lián)共和國(guó)度過的令人興奮的學(xué)習(xí)歲月掩蓋了任何缺點(diǎn)。許多人懷著深情回憶起他們的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷，甚至有些人認(rèn)為俄羅斯是他們的第二故鄉(xiāng)。