Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia have signed an agreement to begin a joint project constructing bunkers and other fortifications on their borders with Russia.

拉脫維亞、立陶宛和愛沙尼亞簽署了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，開始在與俄羅斯接壤的邊境修建掩體和其他防御工事的聯(lián)合項(xiàng)目。

The agreement was signed on January 19, during a meeting of the three nations’ defense ministers in Riga. Under the project, the three Baltic nations will build “anti-mobility infrastructure elements” including bunkers, support points and distribution lines along the European unx and North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s external borders with Russia.

該協(xié)議于1月19日在里加舉行的三國(guó)國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)會(huì)議期間簽署。根據(jù)該項(xiàng)目，三個(gè)波羅的海國(guó)家將沿著歐盟和北大西洋公約組織與俄羅斯的外部邊界建造“反機(jī)動(dòng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，包括掩體、支撐點(diǎn)和配送線。

“To build the anti-mobility defensive installations is a carefully considered and thought-out project, the need of which stems from the current security situation. Russia’s war in Ukraine has shown that, in addition to equipment, ammunition, and manpower, physical defensive installations on the border are also needed to defend Estonia from the first meter,” said Hanno Pevkur, Minister of Defence of Estonia, emphasizing that the fortifications would be built to prevent a regional conflict. “We are undertaking this effort so that the people of Estonia can feel safe, but if the slightest risk emerged, we would be ready for various developments more promptly,” Pevkur added.

“建設(shè)反機(jī)動(dòng)防御設(shè)施是一個(gè)經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮的項(xiàng)目，其需要源于當(dāng)前的安全形勢(shì)。俄羅斯在烏克蘭的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)表明，除了裝備、彈藥和人力外，還需要在邊境建立實(shí)體防御設(shè)施，從第一米開始保衛(wèi)愛沙尼亞?！睈凵衬醽唶?guó)防部長(zhǎng)漢諾·佩夫庫(kù)爾表示，他強(qiáng)調(diào)，防御工事旨在防止地區(qū)沖突。佩夫庫(kù)爾補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“我們正在采取這一努力，以便愛沙尼亞人民感到安全，但如果出現(xiàn)最輕微的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，我們將更迅速地為各種事態(tài)發(fā)展做好準(zhǔn)備?！?/b>



圖：愛沙尼亞國(guó)防部圖表顯示了將在波羅的海防線項(xiàng)目下建造的防御工事的概念。

In a press release issued after the meeting, the Estonian defense ministry said that the project is in line with decisions made at the NATO Madrid Summit, which emphasized that NATO members must be ready to defend their territory “from the first meter”. The cooperative nature of the project also meets the summit’s recommendations for the development of new plans for regional defense, with the Baltic nations considered a single area of operations.

愛沙尼亞國(guó)防部在會(huì)后發(fā)布的新聞稿中表示，該項(xiàng)目符合北約馬德里峰會(huì)做出的決定，該峰會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)北約成員國(guó)必須做好“從第一米開始”保衛(wèi)其領(lǐng)土的準(zhǔn)備。該項(xiàng)目的合作性質(zhì)也符合峰會(huì)關(guān)于制定新的區(qū)域防御計(jì)劃的建議，波羅的海國(guó)家被視為單一行動(dòng)區(qū)域。

The Estonian defense ministry has provided some initial details for how it intends to implement the project, stating that “in peacetime, no explosives, cutting wires or other obstacles are placed on the border of Estonia”. Kaido Tiitus, adviser to the deputy secretary general at the Ministry of Defense for Defense Readiness, told Estonian public broadcaster ERR that fortification construction is expected to begin in 2025, depending on progress with land purchases and cooperation with local communities.

愛沙尼亞國(guó)防部提供了有關(guān)如何實(shí)施該項(xiàng)目的一些初步細(xì)節(jié)，并表示“在和平時(shí)期，愛沙尼亞邊境上不會(huì)放置爆炸物、切割電線或其他障礙物”。國(guó)防部副秘書長(zhǎng)顧問(wèn)Kaido Tiitus告訴愛沙尼亞公共廣播公司ERR，防御工事建設(shè)預(yù)計(jì)將于2025年開始，具體取決于土地購(gòu)買進(jìn)度以及與當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的合作。

While none of the governments have said how many bunkers and other fortifications will be built, Estonian defense ministry and military officials, that spoke to the Postimees newspaper, estimate that around 600 bunkers will be built in Estonia alone.

雖然各國(guó)政府都沒有透露將建造多少個(gè)掩體和其他防御工事，但愛沙尼亞國(guó)防部和軍方官員在接受《郵報(bào)》采訪時(shí)估計(jì)，僅愛沙尼亞就將建造約600個(gè)掩體。
（以下是第二篇）

Building Baltic Defense Line is right step, but the project will not be cheap - military expert

軍事專家：建設(shè)波羅的海防線是正確的一步，但該項(xiàng)目不會(huì)便宜
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RIGA - The Baltic states' decision to build the Baltic Defense Line is the right step, but this will not be an inexpensive project, Latvia's former defense chief Raimonds Graube believes.

(來(lái)自里加的報(bào)道)-拉脫維亞前國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)雷蒙茲·格勞布認(rèn)為，波羅的海國(guó)家決定修建波羅的海防線是正確的一步，但這不會(huì)是一個(gè)廉價(jià)的項(xiàng)目。

The decision to develop the Baltic Defense Line is the right and commendable step. This project will not be inexpensive, but it will significantly hamper Russia's potential movements in Latvia, Graube said.

發(fā)展波羅的海防線的決定是正確且值得贊揚(yáng)的一步。格勞布說(shuō)，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目并不便宜，但它將嚴(yán)重阻礙俄羅斯在拉脫維亞的潛在行動(dòng)。

Although there have been prominent examples in history of countries building strong fortifications, such as the Maginot Line in France, Graube pointed out that the planned Baltic Defense Line is not comparable to fortifications of this level.

盡管歷史上有國(guó)家修建堅(jiān)固防御工事的突出例子，例如法國(guó)的馬其諾防線，但格勞伯指出，規(guī)劃中的波羅的海防線與這一級(jí)別的防御工事無(wú)法相提并論。

"In the Baltic case, it is about anti-mobility measures and how to better organize the defense. Exactly how this line will be designed depends on many factors. Natural conditions are very different in Estonia and Latvia, so bunker defense systems will differ across various places," Graube stressed.

“在波羅的海防線項(xiàng)目?jī)?nèi)，問(wèn)題在于反機(jī)動(dòng)措施以及如何更好地組織防御。這條防線的具體設(shè)計(jì)方式取決于許多因素。愛沙尼亞和拉脫維亞的自然條件有很大不同，因此掩體防御系統(tǒng)在不同地區(qū)會(huì)有所不同”格勞布強(qiáng)調(diào)。

In Graube's view, the line design needs to be very seriously and thoroughly studied, as the various engineering structures will require additional research.

格勞伯認(rèn)為，線路設(shè)計(jì)需要非常認(rèn)真、徹底的研究，因?yàn)楦鞣N工程結(jié)構(gòu)都需要額外的調(diào)研。

"Reinforced concrete bunkers, machine-gun nests or places prepared for artillery systems - it is all a complex issue. It depends on which section of the border is in question. Of course, nobody is going to build engineering structures in the middle of a forest or on the edge of a swamp to stop armored vehicles," Graube said, adding that it would take several years to complete the structures.

“鋼筋混凝土掩體、機(jī)槍巢或火炮系統(tǒng)選址--都是復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題。這取決于邊界的哪一段。當(dāng)然，沒有人會(huì)在森林中間或沼澤邊緣建造工程結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)阻擋裝甲車輛”格勞貝說(shuō)，“完成這些結(jié)構(gòu)需要數(shù)年時(shí)間?！?/b>

As reported, last Friday, the defense ministers of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia signed an agreement on the establishment of a Baltic defense line to strengthen the eastern border of the Baltic States and NATO.

據(jù)報(bào)道，上周五，拉脫維亞、立陶宛和愛沙尼亞三國(guó)國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)簽署了關(guān)于建立波羅的海防線的協(xié)議，以加強(qiáng)波羅的海國(guó)家與北約的東部邊界。

The plan foresees the future development and deployment of various anti-mobility measures along the external borders of NATO and the European unx to deter and block any potential military aggression against the Baltic states by an aggressor power.

該計(jì)劃預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)將在北約和歐盟外部邊界制定和部署各種反機(jī)動(dòng)措施，以威懾和阻止侵略者對(duì)波羅的海國(guó)家的任何潛在軍事侵略。