QA問(wèn)答：哪些因素影響了中國(guó)決定為其空軍購(gòu)買(mǎi)俄羅斯而不是美國(guó)戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)？
What factors influenced China's decision to purchase fighter jets from Russia instead of America for its Air Force?
譯文簡(jiǎn)介
不要只關(guān)注美國(guó)人，法國(guó)人甚至打算把航空母艦賣(mài)給他們，只是他們?nèi)卞X(qián)，最后賣(mài)給了巴西
在80年代，中國(guó)被視為投入自由世界并努力反抗蘇聯(lián)的戰(zhàn)士
正文翻譯
@Aya Shawn
Living in Singapore, professional investorApr 19
China has a long history of purchasing military aircraft.
In fact, Chinese people do not prefer Russian products. They always buy what they think is the best choice.
Before 1979, China generally belonged to the Soviet bloc and was a country within NATO restrictions. It was impossible for them to purchase fighter jets from the United States. At that time, China's technological level was still relatively backward, so the only option was to purchase and license the production of Soviet fighter jets. For example, aircraft such as MIG21 MIG19.
From 1979 to 1989, relations between China and the United States eased, and relations with the Soviet unx were worse. They no longer had access to the latest fighter jets from the Soviet unx. But the United States began to open arms sales to China.
中國(guó)購(gòu)買(mǎi)軍用飛機(jī)的歷史悠久。
事實(shí)上，中國(guó)人并不偏愛(ài)俄羅斯產(chǎn)品，他們總是購(gòu)買(mǎi)他們認(rèn)為最好的產(chǎn)品。
1979年之前，中國(guó)總體上屬于蘇聯(lián)集團(tuán)，是北約限制內(nèi)的國(guó)家，他們不可能從美國(guó)購(gòu)買(mǎi)戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)，當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)的技術(shù)水平還比較落后，所以唯一的選擇就是購(gòu)買(mǎi)和授權(quán)生產(chǎn)蘇聯(lián)戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)。例如米格21、米格19這樣的飛機(jī)。
1979年至1989年，中美關(guān)系緩和，與蘇聯(lián)關(guān)系惡化，不再能得到蘇聯(lián)最新的戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)，但美國(guó)開(kāi)始對(duì)中國(guó)開(kāi)放軍售。
Lockheed Martin displays F16 in Beijing
During this period, China purchased many Black Hawk helicopters from the American Hughes Company. The Americans also transported F16, Chinook and other military aircraft to China for display, hoping that China would buy them. Grumman had planned to sell F14 to China too
But China was too poor at the time, and their budget couldn't afford these American goods.
洛克希德·馬丁公司在北京展示 F16
這一時(shí)期，中國(guó)向美國(guó)休斯公司購(gòu)買(mǎi)了多架黑鷹直升機(jī)，美國(guó)人還把F16、支奴干等軍機(jī)運(yùn)到中國(guó)展示，希望中國(guó)購(gòu)買(mǎi)。格魯曼公司也曾計(jì)劃向中國(guó)出售F14
但當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)太窮了，他們的預(yù)算根本買(mǎi)不起這些美國(guó)商品。
Chinese J8II fighter jet in Grumman workshop
They chose to hand over the Soviet aircraft they built to Grumman for upgrades, which would be cheaper.
If the relationship between China and the United States can continue until China's economy takes off, then it should be normal to see a large number of F16s and F35s in the Chinese military.
However, after the collapse of the Soviet unx, Sino-US relations were severed again, and all cooperation was terminated.
Fortunately, poor Russia, desperate for Chinese money, re-established relations with their Chinese comrades. This caused China to turn to Russia again. This time they purchased a large number of SU27 fighters and later SU30 fighters.
These purchases occurred in the 1990s.
However, after the 1990s, China's own aviation industry has developed rapidly. They not only copied the SU27 aircraft, but also successfully upgraded it. At the same time, its self-developed J10 fighter jets, J20 fighter jets, JF-17 fighter jets and other products have also been successfully mass-produced.
By the beginning of the 21st century, China basically only imported some aviation engines. No more large quantities of fighter jets from any country.
After 2010, they rarely even import aircraft engines.
China has now become an independent aviation power. They develop and produce fifth-generation fighter jets themselves and have begun exporting them to their allies.
中國(guó)殲-8II戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)在格魯曼工廠
他們選擇將自己制造的蘇聯(lián)飛機(jī)交給格魯曼公司進(jìn)行升級(jí)，這樣更便宜。
如果中美關(guān)系能夠持續(xù)到中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)起飛，那么中國(guó)軍隊(duì)中出現(xiàn)大量F16、F35應(yīng)該是很正常的事。
但蘇聯(lián)解體后，中美關(guān)系再次斷絕，一切合作終止。
幸運(yùn)的是，貧窮的俄羅斯急需中國(guó)的錢(qián)，于是重新與中國(guó)同志建立關(guān)系。這導(dǎo)致中國(guó)再次轉(zhuǎn)向俄羅斯。這次他們購(gòu)買(mǎi)了大批SU27戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)，后來(lái)又購(gòu)買(mǎi)了SU30戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)。
這些購(gòu)買(mǎi)發(fā)生在20世紀(jì)90年代。
不過(guò)進(jìn)入90年代以后，中國(guó)自身的航空工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，不僅仿制了蘇27飛機(jī)，還成功對(duì)其進(jìn)行了升級(jí)改造，同時(shí)其自主研發(fā)的殲10戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)、殲20戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)、梟龍戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)等產(chǎn)品也都成功量產(chǎn)。
到了21世紀(jì)初，中國(guó)基本上只進(jìn)口一些航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，沒(méi)有再?gòu)娜魏螄?guó)家大批量進(jìn)口戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)。
2010年以后，他們甚至很少進(jìn)口航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。
中國(guó)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的航空強(qiáng)國(guó)，他們自己研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)第五代戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)，并開(kāi)始向盟友出口。
Living in Singapore, professional investorApr 19
China has a long history of purchasing military aircraft.
In fact, Chinese people do not prefer Russian products. They always buy what they think is the best choice.
Before 1979, China generally belonged to the Soviet bloc and was a country within NATO restrictions. It was impossible for them to purchase fighter jets from the United States. At that time, China's technological level was still relatively backward, so the only option was to purchase and license the production of Soviet fighter jets. For example, aircraft such as MIG21 MIG19.
From 1979 to 1989, relations between China and the United States eased, and relations with the Soviet unx were worse. They no longer had access to the latest fighter jets from the Soviet unx. But the United States began to open arms sales to China.
中國(guó)購(gòu)買(mǎi)軍用飛機(jī)的歷史悠久。
事實(shí)上，中國(guó)人并不偏愛(ài)俄羅斯產(chǎn)品，他們總是購(gòu)買(mǎi)他們認(rèn)為最好的產(chǎn)品。
1979年之前，中國(guó)總體上屬于蘇聯(lián)集團(tuán)，是北約限制內(nèi)的國(guó)家，他們不可能從美國(guó)購(gòu)買(mǎi)戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)，當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)的技術(shù)水平還比較落后，所以唯一的選擇就是購(gòu)買(mǎi)和授權(quán)生產(chǎn)蘇聯(lián)戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)。例如米格21、米格19這樣的飛機(jī)。
1979年至1989年，中美關(guān)系緩和，與蘇聯(lián)關(guān)系惡化，不再能得到蘇聯(lián)最新的戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)，但美國(guó)開(kāi)始對(duì)中國(guó)開(kāi)放軍售。
Lockheed Martin displays F16 in Beijing
During this period, China purchased many Black Hawk helicopters from the American Hughes Company. The Americans also transported F16, Chinook and other military aircraft to China for display, hoping that China would buy them. Grumman had planned to sell F14 to China too
But China was too poor at the time, and their budget couldn't afford these American goods.
洛克希德·馬丁公司在北京展示 F16
這一時(shí)期，中國(guó)向美國(guó)休斯公司購(gòu)買(mǎi)了多架黑鷹直升機(jī)，美國(guó)人還把F16、支奴干等軍機(jī)運(yùn)到中國(guó)展示，希望中國(guó)購(gòu)買(mǎi)。格魯曼公司也曾計(jì)劃向中國(guó)出售F14
但當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)太窮了，他們的預(yù)算根本買(mǎi)不起這些美國(guó)商品。
Chinese J8II fighter jet in Grumman workshop
They chose to hand over the Soviet aircraft they built to Grumman for upgrades, which would be cheaper.
If the relationship between China and the United States can continue until China's economy takes off, then it should be normal to see a large number of F16s and F35s in the Chinese military.
However, after the collapse of the Soviet unx, Sino-US relations were severed again, and all cooperation was terminated.
Fortunately, poor Russia, desperate for Chinese money, re-established relations with their Chinese comrades. This caused China to turn to Russia again. This time they purchased a large number of SU27 fighters and later SU30 fighters.
These purchases occurred in the 1990s.
However, after the 1990s, China's own aviation industry has developed rapidly. They not only copied the SU27 aircraft, but also successfully upgraded it. At the same time, its self-developed J10 fighter jets, J20 fighter jets, JF-17 fighter jets and other products have also been successfully mass-produced.
By the beginning of the 21st century, China basically only imported some aviation engines. No more large quantities of fighter jets from any country.
After 2010, they rarely even import aircraft engines.
China has now become an independent aviation power. They develop and produce fifth-generation fighter jets themselves and have begun exporting them to their allies.
中國(guó)殲-8II戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)在格魯曼工廠
他們選擇將自己制造的蘇聯(lián)飛機(jī)交給格魯曼公司進(jìn)行升級(jí)，這樣更便宜。
如果中美關(guān)系能夠持續(xù)到中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)起飛，那么中國(guó)軍隊(duì)中出現(xiàn)大量F16、F35應(yīng)該是很正常的事。
但蘇聯(lián)解體后，中美關(guān)系再次斷絕，一切合作終止。
幸運(yùn)的是，貧窮的俄羅斯急需中國(guó)的錢(qián)，于是重新與中國(guó)同志建立關(guān)系。這導(dǎo)致中國(guó)再次轉(zhuǎn)向俄羅斯。這次他們購(gòu)買(mǎi)了大批SU27戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)，后來(lái)又購(gòu)買(mǎi)了SU30戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)。
這些購(gòu)買(mǎi)發(fā)生在20世紀(jì)90年代。
不過(guò)進(jìn)入90年代以后，中國(guó)自身的航空工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，不僅仿制了蘇27飛機(jī)，還成功對(duì)其進(jìn)行了升級(jí)改造，同時(shí)其自主研發(fā)的殲10戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)、殲20戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)、梟龍戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)等產(chǎn)品也都成功量產(chǎn)。
到了21世紀(jì)初，中國(guó)基本上只進(jìn)口一些航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，沒(méi)有再?gòu)娜魏螄?guó)家大批量進(jìn)口戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)。
2010年以后，他們甚至很少進(jìn)口航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。
中國(guó)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的航空強(qiáng)國(guó)，他們自己研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)第五代戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)，并開(kāi)始向盟友出口。
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Great summary! Funny how nine of this information appears in the Western media.
總結(jié)得真好！有趣的是，其中九條信息都出現(xiàn)在西方媒體上。
@K94u20
Its funny that they buy russian shit and brag that they are so great
有趣的是，他們買(mǎi)俄羅斯的東西，然后吹噓自己很棒
@Russ Jereza
comments like these… lMao
這樣的評(píng)論…讓人好笑
@Sam Stall
I suppose if China bots keep saying the CCP has a fifth-generation fighter, some people will believe it. But seeing is NOT believing. That J20’s engine exhausts are totally exposed, meaning they glow like candles on infrared sensors. And those forward canards are basically radar reflectors. BTW, while the CCP fiddles with the J20, the U.S. if working on a sixth-generation stealth fighter.
我想，如果中國(guó)機(jī)器人一直說(shuō)中國(guó)有第五代戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)，有些人會(huì)相信。但眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。殲-20的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排氣管完全暴露在外，這意味著它們?cè)诩t外傳感器上像蠟燭一樣發(fā)光。而那些前鴨翼基本上是雷達(dá)反射器。順便說(shuō)一句，當(dāng)中國(guó)在研究殲-20時(shí)，美國(guó)正在研發(fā)第六代隱形戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)。
@Os Jose
The USA will never sell top equipment to China. They're potential enemies and so why would you give such a technology platform to be used against you?
美國(guó)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)向中國(guó)出售頂尖裝備。他們是潛在的敵人，你為什么要把這樣的技術(shù)平臺(tái)交給他們來(lái)對(duì)付你呢？
@Changyu
Americans are not as farsighted as you think. They once armed bin Laden and Iran with the most advanced weapons. Learn history
美國(guó)人沒(méi)有你想的那么有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)，他們?cè)?jīng)用最先進(jìn)的武器武裝本拉登和伊朗。學(xué)學(xué)歷史
@Yunfeng LU
back in 1980s, USA needed China for their common foe -USSR. so upgrade China’s military power was quite logical , USA even gave China nato member level for military tech transfers. Only Japan and China had that privilege back then. of course, usa might never give their top equipment like F15, but second grade equipment like F16 was totally possible. in fact , China acquired quite military equpements from the west,(usa, france, italy, canada) like helicopters, surface to air, air to air missiles, artillery radars, naval guns , torpedoes, Chinese acknowledge that those opened theie eyes and learned a lot.
早在20世紀(jì)80年代，美國(guó)就需要中國(guó)來(lái)對(duì)抗他們共同的敵人——蘇聯(lián)。因此升級(jí)中國(guó)的軍事實(shí)力是合乎邏輯的，美國(guó)甚至給予中國(guó)北約成員國(guó)級(jí)別的軍事技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓。當(dāng)時(shí)只有日本和中國(guó)有這樣的特權(quán)。當(dāng)然，美國(guó)可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)提供像F15這樣的頂級(jí)裝備，但提供像F16這樣的二流裝備是完全可能的。事實(shí)上，中國(guó)從西方（美國(guó)、法國(guó)、意大利、加拿大）獲得了相當(dāng)多的軍事裝備，如直升機(jī)、地對(duì)空導(dǎo)彈、空對(duì)空導(dǎo)彈、炮兵雷達(dá)、艦炮、魚(yú)雷，中國(guó)人承認(rèn)這些讓他們大開(kāi)眼界，學(xué)到了很多東西。
@D Strachan
Does China purchase fighter jets from the US?
When was the last time China did that? And where are these fighters now?!
中國(guó)從美國(guó)購(gòu)買(mǎi)戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)嗎？
中國(guó)上次這么做是什么時(shí)候？這些戰(zhàn)機(jī)現(xiàn)在在哪里？！
@Rikki-San
Yep, a powerhouse. But how often they have to put in a fresh engines to their fighters?
是的，動(dòng)力十足。但他們多久需要為戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)更換一次新引擎？
@Ray Nieves
Two obvious reasons:
1-Russian jets were far, far cheaper than US hardware plus Russia allowed China to make copies up to a point.
2-The US was the natural nemesis to Communism that China and Russia (USSR) were, so for political and ideological reasons the Russians were the only real choice.
兩個(gè)明顯的原因：
1-俄羅斯噴氣式飛機(jī)比美國(guó)硬件便宜得多，而且俄羅斯允許中國(guó)在一定程度上進(jìn)行復(fù)制。
2-美國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)和俄羅斯（蘇聯(lián)）來(lái)說(shuō)是共產(chǎn)主義的天然敵人，因此出于政治和意識(shí)形態(tài)原因，俄羅斯是唯一真正的選擇。
@Bora Tas
Very interesting history, I didn't even know the F16 ever went to Beijing for a show or that they were planning to sell the F14 and Chinook to the Chinese.
The damn military-industrial complex
非常有趣的歷史，我甚至不知道F16曾經(jīng)去北京表演，也不知道他們打算把F14和支奴干賣(mài)給中國(guó)人。
這些該死的軍工復(fù)合體
@Lluhellton
Don't just focus on the Americans, the French even planned to sell their aircraft carrier to them, but they were short of money and ended up selling it to Brazil
In the 1980s, China was seen as a fighter for the free world and fighting against the Soviet unx
不要只關(guān)注美國(guó)人，法國(guó)人甚至打算把航空母艦賣(mài)給他們，只是他們?nèi)卞X(qián)，最后賣(mài)給了巴西
在80年代，中國(guó)被視為投入自由世界并努力反抗蘇聯(lián)的戰(zhàn)士