為什么日本人每天把那么多時(shí)間花費(fèi)在辦公室的工作上，甚至下班后依然不離開？
Why do Japanese work so many hours?
譯文簡介
網(wǎng)友：他們沒有。更準(zhǔn)確的說法是日本人在辦公室里度過了很多時(shí)間。但是他們在這些時(shí)間里是否真正富有成效，則完全是另一回事?，F(xiàn)實(shí)情況是，日本辦公室職員在辦公時(shí)間里要么假裝忙碌，要么真的在工作時(shí)睡覺。日本社會99%注重形象，1%注重實(shí)質(zhì)?？雌饋碓诠ぷ鞅葘?shí)際在工作重要得多......
正文翻譯
@ShunBot
They don’t.
The more accurate statement is that Japanese spend many hours in the office. Whether they are actually being productive in those hours is another matter entirely.
The reality is that Japanese office workers spend a good amount of their office hours either pretending to be busy or literally sleeping on the job.
Japanese society is 99% image and 1% substance. Looking like you’re working is far more important than actually working.
For most jobs in Japan, actual KPI performance is rarely a factor. Only the most cut-throat sales positions really look hard at KPI. If you’re working some middle office position, there’s no need to worry about job performance so long as you show up on time and leave after your boss.
Now, to be fair, this culture is changing. More Japanese firms are making it clear to their employees that they need to actually get work done even if it means that they can leave before their boss does.
Progress is slow as evidenced by failed national initiatives like “Premium Fridays” which allowed employees to go home at 15:00 on Fridays. Basically, no one participated in the initiative, and the few companies that said they would, didn’t actually carry it out. They would much rather have their staff sit in the office doing nothing than actually going home and boosting the economy by shopping or making babies.whatever-happened-to-premium-friday-japanese-government-looks-set-to-pull-the-plug
The bottom line is that Japan is a victim of its own inefficient and inflexible culture. Everyone in Japan opening acknowledges that their work culture is toxic and inefficient, but no one is willing to actually affect change because no one is willing to be the first to do anything.
他們沒有。
更準(zhǔn)確的說法是日本人在辦公室里度過了很多時(shí)間。但是他們在這些時(shí)間里是否真正富有成效，則完全是另一回事。
現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是，日本辦公室職員在辦公時(shí)間里要么假裝忙碌，要么真的在工作時(shí)睡覺。
日本社會99%注重形象，1%注重實(shí)質(zhì)?？雌饋碓诠ぷ鞅葘?shí)際在工作重要得多。
對于日本的大多數(shù)工作來說，實(shí)際的KPI績效很少，這是一個(gè)因素。只有最殘酷的銷售崗位才會真正重視KPI。
如果你在中層辦公室工作，只要你準(zhǔn)時(shí)上班并在老板下班后離開，就無需擔(dān)心工作績效。
現(xiàn)在，公平地說，這種文化正在改變。越來越多的日本公司向員工明確表示，他們只需要完成工作，即使這意味著他們可以在老板下班前離開。
但進(jìn)展緩慢，比如“優(yōu)質(zhì)星期五”等失敗的國家舉措，該舉措允許員工在星期五下午3點(diǎn)回家?；旧?，沒有人參與這項(xiàng)舉措，而少數(shù)幾家聲稱會參與的公司實(shí)際上并沒有實(shí)施。他們寧愿讓員工坐在辦公室里無所事事，也不愿真正回家購物或生孩子來促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。
歸根結(jié)底，日本是其自身低效和缺乏靈活性文化的受害者。日本的每個(gè)人都承認(rèn)他們的工作文化是有害和低效的，但沒有人愿意真正影響變革，因?yàn)闆]有人愿意成為第一個(gè)出頭鳥。
They don’t.
The more accurate statement is that Japanese spend many hours in the office. Whether they are actually being productive in those hours is another matter entirely.
The reality is that Japanese office workers spend a good amount of their office hours either pretending to be busy or literally sleeping on the job.
Japanese society is 99% image and 1% substance. Looking like you’re working is far more important than actually working.
For most jobs in Japan, actual KPI performance is rarely a factor. Only the most cut-throat sales positions really look hard at KPI. If you’re working some middle office position, there’s no need to worry about job performance so long as you show up on time and leave after your boss.
Now, to be fair, this culture is changing. More Japanese firms are making it clear to their employees that they need to actually get work done even if it means that they can leave before their boss does.
Progress is slow as evidenced by failed national initiatives like “Premium Fridays” which allowed employees to go home at 15:00 on Fridays. Basically, no one participated in the initiative, and the few companies that said they would, didn’t actually carry it out. They would much rather have their staff sit in the office doing nothing than actually going home and boosting the economy by shopping or making babies.whatever-happened-to-premium-friday-japanese-government-looks-set-to-pull-the-plug
The bottom line is that Japan is a victim of its own inefficient and inflexible culture. Everyone in Japan opening acknowledges that their work culture is toxic and inefficient, but no one is willing to actually affect change because no one is willing to be the first to do anything.
他們沒有。
更準(zhǔn)確的說法是日本人在辦公室里度過了很多時(shí)間。但是他們在這些時(shí)間里是否真正富有成效，則完全是另一回事。
現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是，日本辦公室職員在辦公時(shí)間里要么假裝忙碌，要么真的在工作時(shí)睡覺。
日本社會99%注重形象，1%注重實(shí)質(zhì)?？雌饋碓诠ぷ鞅葘?shí)際在工作重要得多。
對于日本的大多數(shù)工作來說，實(shí)際的KPI績效很少，這是一個(gè)因素。只有最殘酷的銷售崗位才會真正重視KPI。
如果你在中層辦公室工作，只要你準(zhǔn)時(shí)上班并在老板下班后離開，就無需擔(dān)心工作績效。
現(xiàn)在，公平地說，這種文化正在改變。越來越多的日本公司向員工明確表示，他們只需要完成工作，即使這意味著他們可以在老板下班前離開。
但進(jìn)展緩慢，比如“優(yōu)質(zhì)星期五”等失敗的國家舉措，該舉措允許員工在星期五下午3點(diǎn)回家?；旧?，沒有人參與這項(xiàng)舉措，而少數(shù)幾家聲稱會參與的公司實(shí)際上并沒有實(shí)施。他們寧愿讓員工坐在辦公室里無所事事，也不愿真正回家購物或生孩子來促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。
歸根結(jié)底，日本是其自身低效和缺乏靈活性文化的受害者。日本的每個(gè)人都承認(rèn)他們的工作文化是有害和低效的，但沒有人愿意真正影響變革，因?yàn)闆]有人愿意成為第一個(gè)出頭鳥。
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Yeah, you hit it right! I work in Japan, on Japanese company. I see it myself, while some may really have many work to do, some other just killing time by opening-closing browser tab, looking on Yahoo! News, flip and flip some papers, watching YT (exclusive for manager above), etc. But again, why we have to work so many hour even we actually don’t have many work to do? The reason is to get more income from over work time. I remember 1 of my senpai said before he was transfered to USA: “We are honorable company warrior who valiantly work a long hour of over work to maintain and keep our living!”
對，你說得對！我在日本的一家公司工作。我自己看到的，有些人確實(shí)有很多工作要做，而其他人則只是通過打開關(guān)閉瀏覽器標(biāo)簽、看雅虎新聞、翻看一些文件、看YouTube（僅限于經(jīng)理以上）來打發(fā)時(shí)間。但說回來，為什么我們必須工作這么多小時(shí)，即使我們實(shí)際上沒有那么多工作要做？原因是從加班中獲得更多收入。我記得我的一位前輩在被調(diào)到美國之前曾說過：“我們是光榮的公司戰(zhàn)士，為了維持和保持我們的生活而英勇地加班長時(shí)間工作！”
In Japan they read Yahoo! News!!! I guess it is just another peculiarity of the Japanese culture. I thought no one was reading it.
在日本，他們看雅虎新聞?。?！我猜這只是日本文化的另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。我以為沒人看這個(gè)。
Yeah, at first I was amazed too. Yahoo Japan still live quite soundly here. Even I used many Yahoo service like: Yahoo News, Yahoo Weather, Yahoo Shop, Yahoo Auction, Yahoo Flea Market, etc. In my home country, Yahoo was already at terminal ill state when I leaved Indonesia about 12 years ago. I don't know now....
是的，起初我也很驚訝。雅虎日本在這里依然活得很好。即使是我也使用很多雅虎服務(wù)，如：雅虎新聞、雅虎天氣、雅虎購物、雅虎拍賣、雅虎跳蚤市場等。在我的祖國，雅虎在我大約12年前離開印度尼西亞時(shí)已經(jīng)處于病入膏肓的狀態(tài)了。我不知道現(xiàn)在怎么樣了……
It's deader now in Indonesia
雅虎在印度尼西亞早死了
There are black companies, which work people to the bone, but most of them are just slacker companies where you show up and “work” for show and do about 1 hour of work maybe for 10 hours.
有些黑公司把人累得筋疲力盡，但大多數(shù)只是懶散的公司，你出現(xiàn)在那里“工作”是為了作秀，可能10小時(shí)內(nèi)只做1小時(shí)的工作。
“Fuck like rabbits” should definitely be a national priority in a lot of nations.
“像兔子一樣瘋狂做愛”絕對應(yīng)該是許多國家的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。
More specifically “rawdog like rabbits”. Condoms would make the whole exercise pointless.
更具體地說是“像兔子一樣無套做愛”。使用安全套會使整個(gè)過程毫無意義。
Would increase morale either way.
無論哪種方式都會提高士氣。
Oh dear! The world is already overpopulated with humans by about a factor of about 15. Imagine how lovely the planet would’ve been with a human population of 350-400k.
哦天哪！世界上的人口已經(jīng)超出承載能力大約15倍。想象一下，如果地球上只有35萬到40萬人口，會有多美好。
Overpopulation is largely a nothingburger term used by eugenicists. The actual issue is the inefficient distribution and usage of resources, as well as the wasteful lifestyles of most in the West.
人口過剩主要是優(yōu)生學(xué)家使用的一個(gè)無意義的術(shù)語。實(shí)際問題是資源分配和使用效率低下，以及西方大多數(shù)人的浪費(fèi)生活方式。
Our lifestyles, even with technology, would plummet. We can live as we do today because there’s delegation of tasks. Now maybe a few billion less wouldn’t hurt, but a few hundred thousand would send us back to the dark ages.
即使有科技支持，我們的生活方式也會下降。我們今天能這樣生活是因?yàn)槿蝿?wù)分工。也許少幾十億人口不會有太大影響，但如果只有幾十萬人口，我們會回到黑暗時(shí)代。
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I suspect it was American propaganda, so that American workers (especially unx of auto workers) felt the pressure (and yes they were far lazier than the Japanese).
我懷疑這是美國的宣傳，這樣美國工人（尤其是汽車工會工人）感到壓力（是的，他們比日本人懶得多）。
I recall an article in the NY Times, perhaps twenty years ago, maybe a bit more, that described the typical Japanese office as one where no one leaves until those in rank above them have left. So, the entire office stayed at their desks until the big boss left, (at some time well past the regular work day), then the level below him, then the next level down, and so on until everyone had left. This resulted in Japanese office workers putting a ton of what we used to call “face time,” i. e., time spent physically at the desk to make it look like one was toiling away, while accomplishing nothing. Is this still the norm there?
我記得《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》上的一篇文章，可能是二十年前的事，可能更久一些，描述了典型的日本辦公室：沒有人會在上級離開之前離開。所以，整個(gè)辦公室的人都會呆在桌子前，直到大老板離開（在常規(guī)工作時(shí)間之后很久），然后是他下面的級別，然后再下面的級別，直到所有人都離開。這導(dǎo)致日本辦公室員工投入大量的所謂“面子時(shí)間”，即花在桌子上的時(shí)間，表面上看起來像是在辛勤工作，但實(shí)際上什么也沒做。這在那邊還是常態(tài)嗎？
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Around the same time, ABC 20/20 did a comparison of the lives of the average Japanese company worker vs the average American company worker. The American gets up, has breakfast with the family, and drives his/her own car to the office. He gets to work right away in the office. The Japanese wakes up very early and takes public transit to the office. He spends a lot of time drinking tea and gossiping with fellow office mates. The American leaves the office around 5 and drives home to his single family 1,300 square foot home and has a family dinner. The Japanese often has to leave with the boss and hang out in a bar for a while and might get home at 7–8. His home is (usually) a cramped apartment with maybe 800 square feet.
大約在同一時(shí)間，ABC對比了普通日本公司員工和普通美國公司員工的生活。美國人起床，與家人共進(jìn)早餐，然后開車到辦公室。他一到辦公室就開始工作。日本人很早起床，乘坐公共交通工具去辦公室。他花了很多時(shí)間喝茶和與同事聊天。美國人下午5點(diǎn)左右離開辦公室，開車回到他1300平方英尺的獨(dú)棟住宅，與家人共進(jìn)晚餐。日本人通常需要和老板一起去酒吧玩一會兒，可能晚上7-8點(diǎn)回家。他的家（通常）是一個(gè)大約800平方英尺的狹小公寓。
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Experienced it first hand when I lived there in 2016, my professor even asked me once, Arya san do you go back home at 6pm in Germany? I told him, I actually go home at 4 in Germany. He wasnt happy.
2016年我住在那里時(shí)親身體驗(yàn)過，我的教授甚至有一次問我，Arya，你在德國是下午6點(diǎn)回家嗎？我告訴他，我在德國實(shí)際上是4點(diǎn)回家。他不高興。
I’ve often read that honour is extremely important to Japanese people. I’ll believe it when I read about Japanese bosses killing themselves for making Japanese family life impossible.
我經(jīng)常讀到榮譽(yù)對日本人來說極其重要。當(dāng)我讀到日本老板因讓日本家庭生活變得不可能而自殺時(shí)，我才會相信的。
They will just do a deep bow as part of the public apology and their sense of honour and dignity and integrity is fulfilled! After all, what more do you want after I already have a public apology with a deep bow to boot!
他們只會深深鞠躬作為公開道歉的一部分，他們的榮譽(yù)感、尊嚴(yán)和正直感得到了滿足！畢竟，在我已經(jīng)有公開道歉和深深鞠躬之后，你還能要求什么更多呢？
It's not honor. It's ego.
這不是榮譽(yù)。這是自負(fù)。
how many hours do you work for in China though?? I have seen the sleeping thing in China too. Infact, Chinese companies like xiaomi, vivo factories have implemented this in india too. staff compulsorily takes an afternoon nap. they say it boosts productivity.
不過你在中國工作多少小時(shí)呢？我在中國也看到過午睡的事情。實(shí)際上，像小米、vivo這樣的中國公司在印度的工廠也實(shí)施了這一點(diǎn)。員工必須午睡。他們說這可以提高生產(chǎn)力。
staff compulsorily takes an afternoon nap forced naps remind me of kindergarten. dont get me wrong, I want a nap too, but it gives off kindergarten vibes.
員工必須午睡 這種強(qiáng)迫午睡讓我想起了幼兒園。別誤會，我也想小睡一下，但這種感覺就像幼兒園。
It does because people naturally tend to get tired around 2 to 3pm so a nap before boost work productivity in the afternoon, without the need for coffee and being more tired after work. there are also some other benefits like letting people run errands, go home for lunch with kids, etc
確實(shí)如此，因?yàn)槿藗冊谙挛?到3點(diǎn)左右自然會感到疲倦，所以午睡可以提高下午的工作效率，不需要咖啡，而且下班后不會更累。還有一些其他好處，比如讓人們辦事，回家和孩子共進(jìn)午餐等。
If a person started to work hard early (from 7 to 8 a.m.), vitality tends to crash between 2 to 3 p.m. Maybe it’s related to lunch digestion hogging too much oxygen and leaving the brain with a deficit. And people with a sedentary job are hit the hardest.
如果一個(gè)人早早開始努力工作（從早上7到8點(diǎn)），精力往往會在下午2到3點(diǎn)之間崩潰?？赡苁且?yàn)槲绮拖牧颂嘌鯕猓勾竽X缺氧。而久坐工作的人受影響最大。
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If a person started to work hard early (from 7 to 8 a.m.), vitality tends to crash between 2 to 3 p.m. Maybe it’s related to lunch digestion hogging too much oxygen and leaving the brain with a deficit. And people with a sedentary job are hit the hardest.
An obvious solution is to just do physical tasks that do not require a high level of concentration. But in many jobs the employee cannot leave the office or the workstation to do a physical activity. So the solution is a nap for 45 minutes, preferably taking a strong coffee before sleeping. That will give one 3 or 3 and a half hours of energy with a good performance.
如果一個(gè)人早上7到8點(diǎn)開始努力工作，活力往往會在下午2到3點(diǎn)崩潰。也許這與午餐消化占用了太多氧氣，導(dǎo)致大腦缺氧有關(guān)。而那些久坐工作的人受影響最大。
一個(gè)明顯的解決方案是做不需要高度集中注意力的體力任務(wù)。但是在許多工作中，員工不能離開辦公室或工作崗位去進(jìn)行體力活動(dòng)。所以解決方案是小睡45分鐘，最好在睡前喝一杯濃咖啡。這將給人3到3個(gè)半小時(shí)的精力，并有良好的表現(xiàn)。
I also heard that carbo like rice will particularly make people sleepy as well.
Also, the noon nap thing isn’t a new thing in China either, it practice goes back a long time, way before modern office work. Remember that when there is no AC and temperatures hits like 30C to 40C with high humidity, especially in the south, people will naturally get more tired, and working physically outside is a bad idea to even dangerous. So taking a rest is a normal thing to do as well.
我還聽說像米飯這樣的碳水化合物特別容易讓人犯困。
此外，午睡在中國也不是什么新鮮事，這一習(xí)慣可以追溯到很久以前，遠(yuǎn)在現(xiàn)代辦公室工作之前。記得在沒有空調(diào)的時(shí)候，溫度達(dá)到30到40度，高濕度，特別是在南方，人們自然會感到更累，體力勞動(dòng)甚至是危險(xiǎn)的。所以休息也是很正常的事情。
It is not in the worker’s interest to be any more efficient than the absolute minimum necessary to keep the job, unless they are paid extra for the efficiency.
工人們沒有動(dòng)力比維持工作的最低限度更高的效率，除非他們因?yàn)樾识玫筋~外報(bào)酬。
This is very true. My husband was a real maverick in his youth - after being hired by Marubeni right out of university he proceeded to not only go home at six but also to take a whole hour to eat lunch on the park bench outside, every single day. They still had to send him to the UK to study English as it was a part of his contract. He never came back and did a Masters in Oxford instead, and then a PhD. He didn't belong in Japan and he knew it.
這是真的。我丈夫年輕時(shí)是個(gè)真正的特立獨(dú)行者——大學(xué)畢業(yè)后被丸紅公司聘用，他每天不僅六點(diǎn)回家，還花一個(gè)小時(shí)在外面的公園長椅上吃飯。他們?nèi)匀徊坏貌话凑蘸贤退ビ鴮W(xué)習(xí)英語。他再也沒有回公司，而是在牛津完成了碩士學(xué)位，然后是博士學(xué)位。他知道自己不屬于日本。
I once toured China Central Television in Beijing. I saw people sleeping at desks there, too. I presumed it was because they had worn themselves out working.
我曾經(jīng)參觀過北京的中國中央電視臺。我看到那里的人也在桌子上睡覺。我認(rèn)為這是因?yàn)樗麄児ぷ骼哿恕?/b>
No, Chinese people like to take noon naps and the practice is still ongoing at most government agencies, state enterprises and schools. Lunch hours of 2 hours is pretty normal as well. In many cities, there are mandatory noon nap breaks of 1 to 2 hours during summer months as well for people to cope with heat.
private enterprises might be another matter especially high tech ones like Alibaba that likes 996 culture learned from Silicon Valley
不，中國人喜歡午睡，這一習(xí)慣在大多數(shù)政府機(jī)構(gòu)、國有企業(yè)和學(xué)校仍在進(jìn)行。兩個(gè)小時(shí)的午餐時(shí)間也很正常。在許多城市，夏季有1到2小時(shí)的強(qiáng)制午休，以應(yīng)對炎熱。
私營企業(yè)可能是另一回事，尤其是像阿里巴巴這樣的高科技公司，他們喜歡從硅谷學(xué)來的996文化。
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This “actually going home and boosting the economy by shopping or making babies.”
Funny, but with a kernel of truth.
這“實(shí)際上是回家通過購物或生孩子來促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)?！?br /> 有趣，但有點(diǎn)道理。
I imagine that during the 1960s and 1970s Japanese employees worked really hard - which was why their economy grew so quickly. But since then, efficiency and productivity have taken a dive. I taught at a university, and hours that could have been used productively to improve teaching or do research were devoted to meaningless meetings. The time wasted on meetings and other trivia came close to driving me nuts.
Yes, some teachers slept during the meetings. But most chattered aimlessly and a few of us stuck our noses in books, trying to wring something meaningful out of the wasted time.
我想象在20世紀(jì)60年代和70年代，日本員工非常努力工作——這就是為什么他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長如此迅速。但從那以后，效率和生產(chǎn)力下降了。我在一所大學(xué)教書，可以用來提高教學(xué)或進(jìn)行研究的時(shí)間都花在了無意義的會議上。浪費(fèi)在會議和其他瑣事上的時(shí)間幾乎讓我發(fā)瘋。
是的，一些老師在會議期間睡覺。但大多數(shù)人漫無目的地閑聊，我們中的一些人埋頭讀書，試圖從浪費(fèi)的時(shí)間中榨取一些有意義的東西。
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Look at the amount of paper in that Japanese office.
看看日本辦公室的用紙量。
Yeah, this is why I can’t help but laugh when people make videos about “Japan is living in the future”. Yeah maybe if that future is the year 2000.
是的，這就是為什么當(dāng)人們制作關(guān)于“日本生活在未來”的視頻時(shí)，我忍不住笑了。是的，也許如果那個(gè)未來是2000年。
EXACTLY Japan is living in future, where you have to you fuckin COINS in a vending machine to get something. Even india has QR code payments with street vendors.
完全正確，日本生活在未來，你必須在自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)里用硬幣買東西。即使是印度也有街頭小販?zhǔn)褂枚S碼支付。
Japan is not a society for people to rock the boat.
The 1956 movie “Ikiru” explored that - the protagonist worked as a city bureaucrat - never really getting anything done - and learns he has terminal cancer. He made it his mission to have a playground built on a vacant lot when nobody else would do anything about the lot flooding every time it rained.
日本不是一個(gè)讓人可以隨意亂來的社會。
1956年的電影《生之欲》探討了這一點(diǎn)——主人公是一個(gè)城市官僚——從未真正完成任何事情——并得知自己患有絕癥。當(dāng)沒有人對每次下雨都會淹水的空地做任何事情時(shí)，他把建一個(gè)操場作為自己的使命。
I have worked in Japan. My Japanese colleagues (software developers) worked long hours: as many as needed.
我在日本工作過。我的日本同事（軟件開發(fā)人員）工作時(shí)間很長：需要多久就工作多久。
They work long hours. Even if some people idle at work, they’re still at work instead of being at home, with their families or friends or relaxing or shopping or whatever.
Working means you are devoting your time to your employer. It doesn’t matter if maybe there are no activities for you for 100% of that time.
他們工作時(shí)間很長。即使有些人在工作中閑逛，他們?nèi)匀辉诠ぷ?，而不是在家里，與家人或朋友一起放松或購物。
工作意味著你把時(shí)間奉獻(xiàn)給你的雇主。即使在那段時(shí)間里沒有活動(dòng)給你也沒關(guān)系。
In Japanese companies, employees often feel compelled to stay late at the office, even after regular work hours, to demonstrate their diligence to superiors. This culture of 'face time' is prent across all levels, as workers race to avoid being the first to leave for the day, even if they are merely killing time rather than being productive.
在日本公司，員工經(jīng)常被迫在辦公室待到很晚，甚至在正常工作時(shí)間之后，以向上級展示自己的勤奮。這種“面子時(shí)間”文化在各個(gè)級別都很普遍，因?yàn)閱T工們競相避免成為當(dāng)天最早離開的人，即使他們只是在消磨時(shí)間而不是在提高效率。