英國(guó)大學(xué)需要救援計(jì)劃，以阻止破產(chǎn)的“多米諾效應(yīng)”

UK universities need rescue package to stop ‘domino effect’ of going under

2024-07-19 jiangye111 5012 12 2 收藏糾錯(cuò)&舉報(bào)

譯文簡(jiǎn)介

“大學(xué)變成了企業(yè)?！薄缎l(wèi)報(bào)》報(bào)道。

正文翻譯

UK universities need rescue package to stop ‘domino effect’ of going under
-Experts say the next head of the Office for Students must oversee a programme that will protect higher education

英國(guó)大學(xué)需要救援計(jì)劃，以阻止破產(chǎn)的“多米諾效應(yīng)”
——專(zhuān)家表示，下一任學(xué)生辦公室負(fù)責(zé)人必須監(jiān)督一項(xiàng)保護(hù)高等教育的計(jì)劃

(Ex-Tory minister Chris Skidmore could head the Office for Students.)

（前保守黨大臣克里斯·斯基德莫爾可能領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)生辦公室。）
新聞：

The new head of the Office for Students (OfS) will have to oversee rescue plans to avoid a “domino effect” with a number of universities going under, experts have warned.

專(zhuān)家警告說(shuō)，學(xué)生辦公室的新負(fù)責(zé)人將不得不監(jiān)督救援計(jì)劃，以避免許多大學(xué)破產(chǎn)的“多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)”。

The new government’s Department for Education (DfE) announced on Tuesday that it had accepted the resignation of the OfS’s controversial chair, James Wharton, a former Tory MP who ran Boris Johnson’s leadership campaign. Lord Wharton, who was given the job of running the independent regulator in 2021 despite having no experience of higher education, did not give up the Tory whip in the Lords and was widely criticised for being too close to the Conservative government.

新政府的教育部周二宣布，已經(jīng)接受了教育局備受爭(zhēng)議的主席詹姆斯·沃頓的辭呈。沃頓是前保守黨議員，曾負(fù)責(zé)鮑里斯·約翰遜的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)競(jìng)選。沃頓勛爵于2021年被任命為獨(dú)立監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的負(fù)責(zé)人，盡管他沒(méi)有高等教育經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但他沒(méi)有放棄保守黨在上議院的黨鞭職務(wù)，并因與保守黨政府關(guān)系過(guò)于密切而受到廣泛批評(píng)。
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One of the most surprising names said to be on the list of possible contenders to replace Wharton is Chris Skidmore, the former Tory energy minister who resigned from the government in January and has been excoriating in recent public attacks on his former party.

據(jù)說(shuō)接替沃頓的可能競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者名單上最令人驚訝的名字之一是克里斯·斯基德莫爾，這位前保守黨能源大臣于今年1月從政府辭職，最近一直在公開(kāi)抨擊他的前政黨。

Skidmore was once the universities minister and is respected in the sector. Other names suggested to the Observer by a range of well-connected figures in higher education include David Bell, vice-chancellor of Sunderland University and a former DfE permanent secretary.

斯基德莫爾曾任大學(xué)大臣，在該領(lǐng)域頗受尊敬。一些在高等教育界人脈廣泛的人士向《觀察家報(bào)》推薦的其他人選還包括桑德蘭大學(xué)副校長(zhǎng)、前教育部常務(wù)秘書(shū)戴維·貝爾。

With 40% of universities projected to be in deficit, according to recent reports by both PricewaterhouseCoopers and the OfS, experts said this weekend there has never been a more crucial time to have a more effective and stronger regulator with clearer priorities. In 2023, a scathing report by the Lords industry and regulators committee criticised the OfS, which had intervened on Conservative pet causes, including free speech and “l(fā)ow value” courses, for being driven by the “ebb and flow of short-term political priorities and media headlines”. Prof Steve West, vice-chancellor of the University of the West of England, who stepped down from the OfS board when he served as president of Universities UK, said: “This is the OfS’s most critical moment. It has a very serious job to do protecting students and the reputation of UK higher education.”

根據(jù)普華永道和英國(guó)金融服務(wù)辦公室最近的報(bào)告，預(yù)計(jì)40%的大學(xué)將出現(xiàn)赤字。專(zhuān)家們本周末表示，現(xiàn)在是建立一個(gè)更有效、更強(qiáng)大、優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)更明確的監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻了。2023年，英國(guó)上議院產(chǎn)業(yè)和監(jiān)管委員會(huì)發(fā)布了一份措辭嚴(yán)厲的報(bào)告，批評(píng)學(xué)生辦公室受“短期政治優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)和媒體頭條的潮起潮落”驅(qū)動(dòng)，對(duì)保守黨喜歡的事業(yè)（包括言論自由和“低價(jià)值”課程）進(jìn)行了干預(yù)。西英格蘭大學(xué)副校長(zhǎng)史蒂夫·韋斯特教授在擔(dān)任英國(guó)大學(xué)聯(lián)合會(huì)主席期間退出了學(xué)生辦公室董事會(huì)，他說(shuō)：“這是學(xué)生辦公室最關(guān)鍵的時(shí)刻。保護(hù)學(xué)生和英國(guó)高等教育的聲譽(yù)是一項(xiàng)非常嚴(yán)肅的工作?！?/b>
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When West was on the board, he said discussions about how to protect students at universities that looked financially unstable were more manageable because they typically involved one or two universities. “The difference now is the sheer scale of what they are facing. If you’ve got a large number of institutions at risk and posting deficits, that is a far bigger systemic issue,” he said.

韋斯特說(shuō)，當(dāng)他還是董事會(huì)成員時(shí)，關(guān)于如何保護(hù)那些看起來(lái)財(cái)務(wù)不穩(wěn)定的大學(xué)學(xué)生的討論更容易管理，因?yàn)檫@些討論通常涉及一到兩所大學(xué)。“現(xiàn)在的不同之處在于他們所面臨的問(wèn)題的規(guī)模。如果有大量機(jī)構(gòu)面臨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并出現(xiàn)赤字，那將是一個(gè)更大的系統(tǒng)性問(wèn)題。”
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More than 50 universities are making job and budget cuts in response to a drop-off in overseas students and a decade-long freeze in the ￡9,250 a year fees paid by UK students. The Russell Group has estimated that English universities lost an average of ￡2,500 a student a year in 2022-23 and without a change in policy this will increase to ￡5,000 a student a year by 2029-30.

英國(guó)50多所大學(xué)正在裁員和削減預(yù)算，以應(yīng)對(duì)海外學(xué)生數(shù)量的下降，以及被凍結(jié)了10年不漲的英國(guó)學(xué)生每年9250英鎊的學(xué)費(fèi)。羅素集團(tuán)估計(jì)，在2022-23年期間，英國(guó)大學(xué)平均每年損失每個(gè)學(xué)生2500英鎊，如果不改變政策，到2029-30年，這一數(shù)字將增加到每年5000英鎊。
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Nick Hillman, director of the Higher Education Policy Institute thinktank, said: “When this many universities are projected to be in deficit, you can’t say: ‘This is a market and some institutions will have to go,’ because there is a serious risk of a domino effect.”

智庫(kù)高等教育政策研究所主管尼克·希爾曼表示：“當(dāng)這么多大學(xué)預(yù)計(jì)將出現(xiàn)赤字時(shí)，你不能說(shuō)：‘這是一個(gè)市場(chǎng)，一些機(jī)構(gòu)將不得不退出，’因?yàn)榇嬖诙嗝字Z骨牌效應(yīng)的嚴(yán)重風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！?/b>
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He warned that if one university went under, lenders would “start calling in their debts left right and centre”. Hillman added: “It was inevitable that Lord Wharton had to go. It was an extraordinary appointment for political reasons.”

他警告說(shuō)，如果一所大學(xué)破產(chǎn)，貸款機(jī)構(gòu)將“開(kāi)始收回他們的債務(wù)”。希爾曼補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“沃頓勛爵不得不離開(kāi)是不可避免的。出于政治原因，這是一次非同尋常的任命?！?/b>
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Chris Millward, professor of practice in education policy at Birmingham University and former director for fair access at the OfS, said the regulator now had a key role to play in “not only forecasting risk but also managing it”.

伯明翰大學(xué)教育政策實(shí)踐教授、學(xué)生辦公室前公平準(zhǔn)入主管克里斯·米爾沃德表示，該監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在“不僅在預(yù)測(cè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面，而且在管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面”發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用。
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He added that although the OfS was supposed to protect the interests of students: “If a university goes bust, the implications will be much wider.”

他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，盡管學(xué)生辦公室本應(yīng)保護(hù)學(xué)生的利益，但“如果一所大學(xué)破產(chǎn)，其影響將會(huì)廣泛得多。”
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A spokesperson for the DfE said the process to appoint an interim chair was under way with a permanent replacement announced “in due course”. SheIt added: “It is important that we have a sustainable higher education funding system that provides opportunities, supports students and maintains the world-leading status of our universities.”

英國(guó)教育部的一位發(fā)言人表示，任命臨時(shí)主席的程序正在進(jìn)行中，“在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”將宣布永久替代人選。她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“重要的是，我們要有一個(gè)可持續(xù)的高等教育資助體系，為學(xué)生提供機(jī)會(huì)，支持學(xué)生，保持我們大學(xué)的世界領(lǐng)先地位。”

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評(píng)論翻譯

FedUpCamper
Our entire higher education approach is wrong tbh and it all goes back to the Balir reforms.
Frankly most jobs that "require a degree" don't. We do not need this many degree holders. It dues the degrees for those that do need them and keep people who could be learning valuable skills on the job locked out of the economy.
Cut places massively, abolish fees and ramp up entry requirements.

我們的整個(gè)高等教育方式都是錯(cuò)誤的，這一切都要追溯到巴利爾改革。
坦率地說(shuō)，大多數(shù)“需要學(xué)位”的工作其實(shí)都不需要。我們不需要這么多學(xué)位持有者。它降低了那些確實(shí)需要學(xué)位的人獲得學(xué)位的價(jià)值，并將那些本可以在工作中學(xué)習(xí)有價(jià)值技能的人拒之門(mén)外。
應(yīng)該大規(guī)模削減名額，取消學(xué)費(fèi)，提高入學(xué)要求。

Rebelius
And have employers pay more for education/training? How likely is that?

雇主是否會(huì)為教育/培訓(xùn)支付更多費(fèi)用？這種可能性有多大？
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mr_grapes 4
So employers do (at least larger ones). There is a tax on corporations called the apprenticeship levy, which puts 0.5% or a companies pay bill into a scheme that funds apprenticeships in the country. Companies can then claim this money back in the form of apprenticeship schemes within their company…. Now I know only a small % of companies qualify here but this could be expanded to have a more blended or transitional approach to go from university education to vocational

雇主們（至少是大公司）也是。對(duì)企業(yè)征收一項(xiàng)名為學(xué)徒稅的稅，該稅將企業(yè)支付賬單的0.5%用于資助全國(guó)的學(xué)徒計(jì)劃。然后，公司可以在公司內(nèi)部以學(xué)徒計(jì)劃的形式收回這筆錢(qián)……現(xiàn)在我知道只有一小部分公司符合條件，但這可以擴(kuò)展為一種從大學(xué)教育到職業(yè)教育更混合或過(guò)渡的做法

Any-Wall2929
Honestly think where I work could over triple the number of apprenticeships easily. Training for the role takes a couple of weeks and you are on your own. Maybe the odd question a few times a week after that. Not sure how much value they get out of it though. I still think we should be teaching them at least basic database queries but they are not allowed access.

老實(shí)說(shuō)，我工作的地方可以輕松地將學(xué)徒人數(shù)增加三倍。這個(gè)角色的培訓(xùn)需要幾周的時(shí)間，你要靠自己。也許在那之后一周會(huì)問(wèn)幾次奇怪的問(wèn)題。但不確定他們從中獲得了多少價(jià)值。我仍然認(rèn)為我們至少應(yīng)該教他們基本的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)查詢，但他們不被允許訪問(wèn)。

Caffeine_Monster
People really need to wake up and understand how broken it is..~￡50,000 in debt for specialist knowledge that is not used is not how university is meant to be used. It's not sustainable, and not sustainable.
More education isn't always better for a student when there is coat attached. It has to be the right kind of education for the career they are pursuing.
And have employers pay more for education/training? How likely is that?
Any jobs which has a generic "degree holder" requirement is bullshit. If an employer can't point specifically at 2/3 courses then it doesn't require a degree.

人們真的需要清醒過(guò)來(lái)，明白它有多糟糕……為專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)欠下5萬(wàn)英鎊的債務(wù)，而這些專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)沒(méi)有被用到，這不是大學(xué)應(yīng)該有的用途。這是不可持續(xù)的，不可持續(xù)的。
對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，更多的教育并不總是更好的。它必須是適合他們所追求的職業(yè)的教育。
“雇主是否會(huì)為教育/培訓(xùn)支付更多費(fèi)用？這種可能性有多大？”
任何要求“擁有學(xué)位”的工作都是扯淡。如果雇主不能明確指出這個(gè)學(xué)位三分之二的課程，那么就說(shuō)明不需要學(xué)位。

SchoolForSedition
Universities became businesses. They’ve been run like Thames Water.

大學(xué)變成了企業(yè)。他們像泰晤士水務(wù)公司一樣運(yùn)作。

AnotherKTa
But they've also had their fees capped by the government at a completely unsustainable level.
If they were really businesses then they'd be able to set their UK tuition fees at whatever level they wanted.

但他們的收費(fèi)也被政府限制在一個(gè)完全不可持續(xù)的水平。
如果他們是真正的企業(yè)，那么他們可以把英國(guó)的學(xué)費(fèi)設(shè)定在他們想要的任何水平。

AncientNortherner
If they were really businesses then they'd be able to set their UK tuition fees at whatever level they wanted.
Indeed. That Cambridge is capped at the same level as Wrexham is an insult. The worth of their output is at opposite ends of the scale.

“如果他們是真正的企業(yè)，那么他們可以把英國(guó)的學(xué)費(fèi)設(shè)定在他們想要的任何水平”
確實(shí)。劍橋大學(xué)與雷克瑟姆大學(xué)（學(xué)費(fèi)水平）被限制在同一水平，這是一種侮辱。他們產(chǎn)出的價(jià)值處于天平的兩端。

Caffeine_Monster
This is what people really need to understand. Cots are simply rising to meet available money. Increasing student costs again is probably the worst thing that could be done - it will absolutely feed through to stagnating the economy.
Universities need a wake up call. Drop the useless courses. Axe some of the non teaching management on 6 figure salaries.
We need to move back towards a system where improved graduate incomes result in higher taxation for funding.
I'm actually for increased government support, albeit with strings attached. 1. The support would only be for sext high demand courses and rigorous STEM courses. 2. A tuition bursary would be given to the students and a cash sum the university if students gain a 2:1 or higher on these courses.

這才是人們真正需要理解的。房?jī)r(jià)上漲只是為了滿足可用資金的需求。再次增加學(xué)生費(fèi)用可能是最糟糕的事情——這絕對(duì)會(huì)導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯。
大學(xué)需要一個(gè)警鐘。放棄無(wú)用的課程。削減一些非教學(xué)管理人員6位數(shù)的薪水。
我們需要回到一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中，畢業(yè)生收入的提高會(huì)導(dǎo)致更高的資金稅收。
實(shí)際上，我支持增加政府支持，盡管有附加條件。1、這種支持只針對(duì)高要求課程和嚴(yán)格的理工科課程。2、如果學(xué)生在這些課程中獲得2:1或更高的成績(jī)，將向?qū)W生提供學(xué)費(fèi)助學(xué)金，并向大學(xué)提供現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。
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HedgehogTail
This is complete and utter horseshit, sorry but it is. Universities are not for profit orgs but have been squeezed by the government imposed god-awful funding model. Income has as such been frozen for a decade, alongside recently rampant inflation.
In response, unis have relied on international student fees to plug the holes and now that is drying up as numbers fall because of many factors, including talk of the previous gov of scrapping the post study visa.
All in all, blaming the unis for this and comparing to Thames Water is just utterly ignorant of the facts.

這完全是一派胡言，抱歉，但確實(shí)如此。大學(xué)不是營(yíng)利性機(jī)構(gòu)，但受到政府強(qiáng)制推行的糟糕透頂?shù)馁Y助模式的擠壓。收入已經(jīng)被凍結(jié)了10年，與此同時(shí)，通貨膨脹也在肆虐。
作為回應(yīng)，各大學(xué)一直依靠國(guó)際學(xué)生的學(xué)費(fèi)來(lái)填補(bǔ)缺口，但由于許多因素，包括前政府取消留學(xué)后簽證的傳言，學(xué)生人數(shù)下降，現(xiàn)在這種渠道正在枯竭。

legrenabeach
Why are 40% of universities in deficit after 15 years of super high fees and ultra recruitment drives for foreign students who pay double fees? Who has mismanaged their finances and what are the consequences for those people? What did they do wrong, and what can we learn from it so the next people who become responsible for university financials don't repeat the same mistakes? Until we can satisfactorily answer these questions, not only about universities but about industry in general, the country will continue its decline.

為什么在15年的超高學(xué)費(fèi)和對(duì)支付雙倍學(xué)費(fèi)的外國(guó)學(xué)生的超招之后，40%的大學(xué)還是出現(xiàn)赤字？是誰(shuí)的財(cái)務(wù)管理不善，對(duì)這些人的后果是什么？他們做錯(cuò)了什么，我們能從中學(xué)到什么，這樣下一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)大學(xué)財(cái)務(wù)的人就不會(huì)重蹈覆轍了？除非我們能令人滿意地回答這些問(wèn)題，不僅是關(guān)于大學(xué)，而且是關(guān)于整個(gè)工業(yè)，否則這個(gè)國(guó)家將繼續(xù)衰落。

BushelOfCarrots
Unfortunately the whole structure of the sector is broken. There are probably only somewhere between 5-10 high quality universities left in the UK - depending on how you look at them.
By this I mean high quality research together with a decent education, and an outlook that isn't totally focused on university as a 'business'. Particularly, a lot of formally good universities are just super focused on overseas students beyond everything else.
Then there are the universities which do a reasonable job educating the same kind of sector that colleges used to educate. Their problem is that their reserach is generally pretty much useless as a whole (you can find exceptions for sure).
We continue to insist on combining teaching and research into one model. It works still for the high end universities, but it just doesn't work for most of the sector.
Plus there is a pay system for staff and a quality control system of degrees that maintains that all universities are the same. Which they clearly are not.

不幸的是，整個(gè)行業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)崩潰。英國(guó)可能只剩下5-10所高質(zhì)量的大學(xué)了——這取決于你如何看待它們。
我的意思是高質(zhì)量的研究，加上體面的教育，以及不完全把大學(xué)當(dāng)作一門(mén)“生意”的觀點(diǎn)。特別是，很多正規(guī)的好大學(xué)都非常關(guān)注海外學(xué)生。
還有一些大學(xué)在教育大學(xué)過(guò)去教育的領(lǐng)域方面做得很好。它們的問(wèn)題在于，它們的研究總體上幾乎毫無(wú)用處（你肯定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)例外）。
我們繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持教學(xué)與科研相結(jié)合的模式。它仍然適用于高端大學(xué)，但并不適用于大多數(shù)行業(yè)。
此外，還有一個(gè)對(duì)所有大學(xué)都一視同仁的員工薪酬體系和學(xué)位質(zhì)量控制體系。但它們顯然不該一視同仁。

CAOCDO
Let them fail. They wanted to fuck around in a free market, let them find out. They will be forced to innovate like they should have already. The reasons they’re failing are not outside of their control, deliver a valuable service and people will pay.
Note, a significant reason for inflation and rapidly increasing national debt is to do with our insistence on bailing out failing business models. Case in point with the pandemic, the financial crisis, and now universities. Businesses that were not fit for purpose were provided life support vehicles at vast expense to the tax payer so they could continue to make money in the same unsustainable ways that they always did. In addition, these vehicles provided opportunity for fraud and corruption, such as bailouts used for bonuses and Covid loan fraud

讓它們破產(chǎn)好了。它們想在自由市場(chǎng)上玩，就讓它們自己體會(huì)吧。它們將被迫進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新，就像它們已經(jīng)應(yīng)該做的那樣。它們失敗的原因不是它們無(wú)法控制的，提供有價(jià)值的服務(wù)，人們就會(huì)付錢(qián)。
請(qǐng)注意，通貨膨脹和國(guó)家債務(wù)迅速增加的一個(gè)重要原因與我們堅(jiān)持救助失敗的商業(yè)模式有關(guān)。大流行、金融危機(jī)和現(xiàn)在的大學(xué)就是一個(gè)很好的例子。那些不適合經(jīng)營(yíng)的企業(yè)，政府花了納稅人大量的錢(qián)提供生命維持工具，這樣它們就可以繼續(xù)以同樣不可持續(xù)的方式賺錢(qián)。此外，這些工具為欺詐和腐敗提供了機(jī)會(huì)，例如用于補(bǔ)貼和疫情貸款欺詐的救助

ayeayefitlikeScottish Borders
They were never in a free market - the fees have been capped for a long time. If it was a free market they’d have set their own fees, and then you could blame them if they collapsed. Instead they simply can’t afford to run on the set income they can bring in.

它們從來(lái)都不是在自由市場(chǎng)——收費(fèi)上限已經(jīng)存在很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。如果這是一個(gè)自由市場(chǎng)，它們應(yīng)該設(shè)定自己的費(fèi)用，然后如果它們倒閉了，你可以指責(zé)它們。相反，它們根本無(wú)法以它們的固定收入來(lái)維持下去。

Optimal_Mention1423
The universities wanted the thrill of private sector revenue. They can reap the free market.

大學(xué)想要私有領(lǐng)域收入帶來(lái)的刺激。它們可以收割自由市場(chǎng)。

serennow
If you actually give them the free market - ie no cap on tuition fees - then most will be okay but students will suffer hugely…

如果你真的給它們自由市場(chǎng)——即學(xué)費(fèi)沒(méi)有上限——那么大多數(shù)人會(huì)沒(méi)事，但學(xué)生將遭受巨大損失……

Winged_One_97Expat
Fired the corrupted money stealing staffs, and Stop wasting money on foreign students from hostile nations, and you will find you suddenly have the budget

解雇腐敗的偷錢(qián)的員工，停止在敵對(duì)國(guó)家的外國(guó)學(xué)生身上浪費(fèi)錢(qián)，然后你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你突然有了預(yù)算

Melodic-Flow-9253
Let them burn. Complete scam, no young person should ever be pressured to put themselves 40k in debt as a normal thing to do.

讓它們?nèi)紵昧?。完全就是騙局，任何年輕人都不應(yīng)該被強(qiáng)迫讓自己背負(fù)4萬(wàn)美元的債務(wù)，還覺(jué)得這很正常。

Gurmtron
Let them sink. Only universities care about universities. It's a fucked up exclusive system.

讓它們沉沒(méi)好了。只有大學(xué)才關(guān)心大學(xué)。這是一個(gè)該死的排他性系統(tǒng)。

英國(guó)大學(xué) 救援計(jì)劃 多米諾效應(yīng)

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