是什么導致商代中國人如此早地開始記錄歷史，而不是像大多數(shù)其他歐亞民族那樣延續(xù)傳奇的口頭傳統(tǒng)？他們更關(guān)心準確性嗎？它與蘇美爾人、埃及人和印度人有何不同？
What caused the Shang Chinese to begin recording history so early instead of continuing a legendary oral tradition like most other Eurasian peoples? Do they care more about accuracy? How was it different from the Sumerians, Egyptians and Indus?
譯文簡介
網(wǎng)友：不，你錯了。商朝的中國人不喜歡記錄歷史。商代發(fā)現(xiàn)的甲骨文全部都是占卜記載，這些占卜記載只不過是從某個角度記錄了一部分歷史，但顯然這并不是它們的目的......
正文翻譯
@Aya Shawn
Living in Singapore, professional investorJul 21
No, you are wrong
The Chinese in the Shang Dynasty did not like to record history
All the oracle bone documents discovered in the Shang Dynasty are divination records. It's just that these divination records record part of history from a certain perspective, but obviously this is not their purpose.
不，你錯了
商朝的中國人不喜歡記錄歷史
商代發(fā)現(xiàn)的甲骨文全部都是占卜記載，這些占卜記載只不過是從某個角度記錄了一部分歷史，但顯然這并不是它們的目的。
Living in Singapore, professional investorJul 21
No, you are wrong
The Chinese in the Shang Dynasty did not like to record history
All the oracle bone documents discovered in the Shang Dynasty are divination records. It's just that these divination records record part of history from a certain perspective, but obviously this is not their purpose.
不，你錯了
商朝的中國人不喜歡記錄歷史
商代發(fā)現(xiàn)的甲骨文全部都是占卜記載，這些占卜記載只不過是從某個角度記錄了一部分歷史，但顯然這并不是它們的目的。
For example:
One oracle bone says: On a certain day (date), Fu Hao will attack the State of Ba in the east. Will she win?
This is actually a divination for the Shang king, wanting to know whether the female general Fu Hao will win the attack on the State of Ba on a certain day.
But this oracle inscxtion records a piece of history from the side: On a certain date, Fu Hao led the army to attack the State of Ba
In fact, almost all oracle bones are written in this way. You can't call it "recording history"
It took hundreds of years for the Chinese to really start to officially record history until the first real history book "Shangshu (Book of Documents/Shu King)" was born, which was already in the Zhou Dynasty (10th century BC), when the Shang Dynasty had already perished.
例如：
有一塊甲骨文說：婦好將在某一天向東進攻巴國。她會贏嗎？
這其實是給商王的一個占卜，想知道某年某月某日，女將軍婦好能否在攻打巴國的戰(zhàn)役中取得勝利。
但這篇卜辭卻從側(cè)面記載了一段歷史：某年某月某日，婦好率領大軍攻打巴國
事實上，幾乎所有的甲骨文都是這樣寫的。你不能稱之為“記錄歷史”
中國人用了幾百年的時間才真正開始正式記錄歷史，直到第一部真正意義上的歷史書《尚書》誕生，那時已經(jīng)是周朝（公元前10世紀），商朝已經(jīng)滅亡。
One oracle bone says: On a certain day (date), Fu Hao will attack the State of Ba in the east. Will she win?
This is actually a divination for the Shang king, wanting to know whether the female general Fu Hao will win the attack on the State of Ba on a certain day.
But this oracle inscxtion records a piece of history from the side: On a certain date, Fu Hao led the army to attack the State of Ba
In fact, almost all oracle bones are written in this way. You can't call it "recording history"
It took hundreds of years for the Chinese to really start to officially record history until the first real history book "Shangshu (Book of Documents/Shu King)" was born, which was already in the Zhou Dynasty (10th century BC), when the Shang Dynasty had already perished.
例如：
有一塊甲骨文說：婦好將在某一天向東進攻巴國。她會贏嗎？
這其實是給商王的一個占卜，想知道某年某月某日，女將軍婦好能否在攻打巴國的戰(zhàn)役中取得勝利。
但這篇卜辭卻從側(cè)面記載了一段歷史：某年某月某日，婦好率領大軍攻打巴國
事實上，幾乎所有的甲骨文都是這樣寫的。你不能稱之為“記錄歷史”
中國人用了幾百年的時間才真正開始正式記錄歷史，直到第一部真正意義上的歷史書《尚書》誕生，那時已經(jīng)是周朝（公元前10世紀），商朝已經(jīng)滅亡。
This book records the history of the Shang Dynasty and the history of the xia Dynasty before the Shang Dynasty. It should be compiled by historians at that time based on various scattered documents left over from the past. It is an important source of information for China's most famous history book "Records of the Grand Historian".
Despite this, China is still the best at recording history among all ancient civilizations. Since the birth of "Book of Documents", Confucian scholars have been keen on recording history. They believe that history can help rulers better understand society, learn lessons and understand how to better govern the country. History has also become a symbol of the continuation of power when Chinese dynasties change: if the new dynasty claims to be the successor of the empire, then you must respect the previous dynasty, take care of the previous emperor's tomb, respect the country's system and organize history for the previous dynasty.
Therefore, historical officials have always been a noble profession in ancient China, and only the most reputable scholars can serve. They will not even obey the emperor's instructions because they believe that history is very serious and cannot be tampered with.
此書記載了商朝的歷史和商朝之前夏朝的歷史，應是當時史學家根據(jù)歷代遺留的各種零散文獻整理而成，是中國最著名的史書《史記》的重要資料來源。
盡管如此，中國仍然是所有古代文明中最善于記錄歷史的國家。自《尚書》誕生以來，儒家學者就熱衷于記錄歷史。他們認為歷史可以幫助統(tǒng)治者更好地了解社會，吸取教訓，了解如何更好地治理國家。歷史也成為中國王朝更替時權(quán)力延續(xù)的象征：如果新王朝自稱是帝國的繼承者，那么就必須尊重前朝，照顧好前任皇帝的陵墓，尊重國家的制度，為前朝整理歷史。
所以史官在中國古代一直是一個高貴的職業(yè)，只有最有聲望的學者才能擔任，他們甚至不會聽從皇帝的吩咐，因為他們認為歷史非常嚴肅，不容篡改。
Despite this, China is still the best at recording history among all ancient civilizations. Since the birth of "Book of Documents", Confucian scholars have been keen on recording history. They believe that history can help rulers better understand society, learn lessons and understand how to better govern the country. History has also become a symbol of the continuation of power when Chinese dynasties change: if the new dynasty claims to be the successor of the empire, then you must respect the previous dynasty, take care of the previous emperor's tomb, respect the country's system and organize history for the previous dynasty.
Therefore, historical officials have always been a noble profession in ancient China, and only the most reputable scholars can serve. They will not even obey the emperor's instructions because they believe that history is very serious and cannot be tampered with.
此書記載了商朝的歷史和商朝之前夏朝的歷史，應是當時史學家根據(jù)歷代遺留的各種零散文獻整理而成，是中國最著名的史書《史記》的重要資料來源。
盡管如此，中國仍然是所有古代文明中最善于記錄歷史的國家。自《尚書》誕生以來，儒家學者就熱衷于記錄歷史。他們認為歷史可以幫助統(tǒng)治者更好地了解社會，吸取教訓，了解如何更好地治理國家。歷史也成為中國王朝更替時權(quán)力延續(xù)的象征：如果新王朝自稱是帝國的繼承者，那么就必須尊重前朝，照顧好前任皇帝的陵墓，尊重國家的制度，為前朝整理歷史。
所以史官在中國古代一直是一個高貴的職業(yè)，只有最有聲望的學者才能擔任，他們甚至不會聽從皇帝的吩咐，因為他們認為歷史非常嚴肅，不容篡改。
By the way, here I want to mention a word "history"
In English, its root can be divided into Hi and story. There is a certain hint here that history is a non-serious topic, which is often confused with stories, legends, and myths. It is a synonym for epic.
But in China, this word is pronounced as "Lishi'，The roots are Li and Shi, which represent 'time' and 'log'. So in the Chinese context, history is a serious science, and they pursue accuracy and precision.
This leads to different attitudes of Chinese and Western civilizations towards history.
Thousands of years later, the Chinese have a clear and serious historical archive, and their archive is like a big tree. Thousands of historical books of different levels record the events of every year and every day from various angles. They even formed a chain effect: it is meaningless to tamper with one of them.
The Sumerians, Egyptians and Indians left almost no such archives. Their history can only be found from cultural relics, stone tablets, legends and incomplete scxtures.
對了，這里我想提一下“歷史”這個詞
在英語中，它的詞根可以分為Hi和story 。這里有一定的暗示，歷史是一個非嚴肅的話題，經(jīng)常與故事、傳說、神話相混淆。它是史詩（epic）的近義詞。
但在中國，這個詞的發(fā)音為“Lishi”，詞根是“Li歷”和“Shi史” ，代表“時間”和“日志”。所以在中國語境中，歷史是一門嚴肅的科學，追求準確和精確。
這就導致中西方文明對待歷史的態(tài)度不同。
幾千年后，中國人有了清晰、嚴肅的歷史檔案，他們的檔案就像一棵大樹，成千上萬本不同層次的史書從各個角度記錄著每一年、每一天發(fā)生的事情，甚至形成了區(qū)塊鏈效應：篡改其中任何一本都是沒有意義的。
蘇美爾人、埃及人和印度人幾乎沒有留下這樣的檔案，他們的歷史只能從文物、石碑、傳說和殘缺的經(jīng)文中尋找。
In English, its root can be divided into Hi and story. There is a certain hint here that history is a non-serious topic, which is often confused with stories, legends, and myths. It is a synonym for epic.
But in China, this word is pronounced as "Lishi'，The roots are Li and Shi, which represent 'time' and 'log'. So in the Chinese context, history is a serious science, and they pursue accuracy and precision.
This leads to different attitudes of Chinese and Western civilizations towards history.
Thousands of years later, the Chinese have a clear and serious historical archive, and their archive is like a big tree. Thousands of historical books of different levels record the events of every year and every day from various angles. They even formed a chain effect: it is meaningless to tamper with one of them.
The Sumerians, Egyptians and Indians left almost no such archives. Their history can only be found from cultural relics, stone tablets, legends and incomplete scxtures.
對了，這里我想提一下“歷史”這個詞
在英語中，它的詞根可以分為Hi和story 。這里有一定的暗示，歷史是一個非嚴肅的話題，經(jīng)常與故事、傳說、神話相混淆。它是史詩（epic）的近義詞。
但在中國，這個詞的發(fā)音為“Lishi”，詞根是“Li歷”和“Shi史” ，代表“時間”和“日志”。所以在中國語境中，歷史是一門嚴肅的科學，追求準確和精確。
這就導致中西方文明對待歷史的態(tài)度不同。
幾千年后，中國人有了清晰、嚴肅的歷史檔案，他們的檔案就像一棵大樹，成千上萬本不同層次的史書從各個角度記錄著每一年、每一天發(fā)生的事情，甚至形成了區(qū)塊鏈效應：篡改其中任何一本都是沒有意義的。
蘇美爾人、埃及人和印度人幾乎沒有留下這樣的檔案，他們的歷史只能從文物、石碑、傳說和殘缺的經(jīng)文中尋找。
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In English, its root can be divided into Hi and story
Interesting article. Just a point on the above. History is not divided into two. It's one word and comes from the Greek historia.
The original meaning was inquiry/research, in the context of any knowledge acquired through study of the subject. In Latin this ended up being used mostly for narration of historical facts.
Story is derived from the same word
在英語中，它的詞根可以分為 Hi 和 story
有趣的文章。關(guān)于以上內(nèi)容的一點意見。歷史這個詞并不能分成兩個部分的。它是一個詞，源自希臘語 "historia"。
其原意是對任何通過學習獲得的知識的探究/研究。在拉丁語中，它主要用于歷史事實的敘述。
"Story" 也來自同一個詞。
You are right, but you are talking about the origin of the word. I am talking about the implications of the word for modern people.
你說得對，但你說的是詞的起源。我說的是這個詞對現(xiàn)代人的影響。
You are correct concerning the etymology, but that is not the only mistake, there is a curious ignorance of Greek and Latin history. I downvoted because it is in general incorrect concerning the Middle East as well as overestimating true early history in China.
你關(guān)于詞源的說法是對的，但這不是唯一的錯誤，對希臘和拉丁歷史的無知也是令人驚訝的。我點了反對，因為這篇文章整體上對中東的描述不正確，并且高估了中國早期的真實歷史。
The Chinese had bamboo then later paper after all. Much better materials for recording than skins or reeds.
畢竟中國人最早用竹子，后來用紙。這些材料比獸皮或蘆葦更適合記錄。
All those will rot and not going to last lol
Same like our current civilization, SSD, HDD, or any digital media will not last 3000 years after modern civilization collapse. while inscxtion on Stone Tablets or carving on stone would easily last million of years. Oracle bones last because well… they inscribed it on bones..
Scroll, Bamboo or paper would not last as long. The most ancient medium of writing in rock is unknowingly still the best for preservation
所有這些都會腐爛，無法長久保存，哈哈。
和我們現(xiàn)在的文明一樣，SSD、HDD或任何數(shù)字媒體在現(xiàn)代文明崩潰后都不會持續(xù)3000年。而石碑上的銘文或石雕可以輕松保存數(shù)百萬年。甲骨文之所以保存下來，是因為它們刻在骨頭上……
卷軸、竹子或紙都不會保存那么久。最古老的石頭書寫媒介仍然是不知不覺中保存最好的。
“All those will rot and not going to last lol”
I feel that you lack knowledge about traditional Chinese handmade papermaking. Even if it is used to practice calligraphy, the rough edge paper of poor quality made by ancient Chinese methods has a lifespan of about 1360 years. As for better quality bast paper, its shelf life is about 6,500 years.
Little boy Bu Tianshou's calligraphy homework was unearthed from a Tang Dynasty tomb dating back 1,500 years:
“所有這些都會腐爛，無法長久保存，哈哈”
我覺得你對中國傳統(tǒng)手工造紙缺乏了解。即使是用來練習書法的邊緣粗糙、質(zhì)量差的紙，其壽命也有約1360年。而質(zhì)量更好的麻紙，其壽命約為6500年。
一個名叫步天壽的小男孩的書法作業(yè)從一個有1500年歷史的唐代墓中出土：
“寫書今日了，先生莫嫌遲。明朝是假日，早放學生歸?！?
ruh, thats assumption you make that the shelf life is 6500 years. in reality, you wont find paper that last that long. a Lab condition not going going to apply in real life. oldest Chinese paper relic is just 2200 years old you know
even if you insist on it, rock painting can last eons. oldest rock painting easily last 60.000 years. or even more than that
哦，那是你假設的壽命是6500年。實際上，你找不到保存這么久的紙。在現(xiàn)實生活中，實驗室條件并不適用。你知道，最古老的中國紙質(zhì)文物只有2200年。
即使你堅持，巖畫可以保存數(shù)百萬年。最古老的巖畫輕易就能保存6萬年，甚至更久。
This is not a hypothesis, it is a fact that has been proven by experiments. The paper in the picture I listed is basically intact and is nearly 1,500 years old (although its theoretical lifespan is only more than 1,300 years).
這不是假設，而是經(jīng)過實驗驗證的事實。我列出的圖片中的紙張基本完好，已經(jīng)接近1500年（盡管其理論壽命只有1300多年）。
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so ?, aint I correct then that I saying its short lived
Human have civilization spanning ten of thousand years ago. The Cities of Jericho was build 11.000 years ago, with record stating the construction of its wall 8000 years ago.
1,500 years old documentation is just short lived, compared to what humanities have passed. Epic of Gilgamesh is 3600 years old. and the earliest Hieroglyph found is like 5260 years old~
那么，我說的不是正確的嗎？這就是短暫的壽命。
人類的文明可以追溯到數(shù)萬年前。耶利哥城建于1.1萬年前，有記錄表明其城墻的建造可追溯到8000年前。1500年的文獻相比于人類文明的歷程來說只是短暫的。《吉爾伽美什史詩》有3600年歷史，最早的象形文字約有5260年歷史。
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Epic of Gilgamesh is 3600 years old, do you really believe he was son of god?
《吉爾伽美什史詩》有3600年歷史，你真的相信他是神的兒子嗎？
Bamboo were probably the hardest to manufacture and used
But once they had paper and brushes it's a different ball game. Printing and stamping methods came along by 1000s so they preserved the printing plates which could be metal
竹子可能是最難制造和使用的材料。
但一旦有了紙和毛筆，就完全不同了。到了1000年代，印刷和雕刻技術(shù)出現(xiàn)了，他們保存了印刷板，這些板可能是金屬的。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://mintwatchbillionaireclub.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
in essence of things, wood and bamboo still relatively very short lived medium for record keeping. Oldest Stone Tablet record is like 5000 years old, The Oracle Bones is 3000 years+, while Upper limit of Wood tablet is around 2400. while peak human record keeping was 51.000 year Cave painting
Erlitou Civilization (pre-shang) has Proto-Writing similiar to ancient Egypt Hieroglyph. which I find interesting. but it lack Records which quite a shame, maybe because they record in skin or bamboo ? unlike Inscribed in stone
If 30,000 year in future alien visit earth, the record of Earth modern civilization would be Spray Grafiti painted inside a Tunnel somewhere~
從本質(zhì)上講，木材和竹子仍然是相對壽命很短的記錄媒介。最古老的石碑記錄約有5000年歷史，甲骨文有3000年以上，而木板的壽命上限約為2400年。而人類記錄保存的巔峰是51000年的洞穴壁畫。
二里頭文明（商朝前）有類似于古埃及象形文字的原始文字，這讓我覺得很有趣。但它缺乏記錄，這很可惜，也許是因為他們用皮革或竹子記錄？不像石刻。
如果3萬年后外星人訪問地球，現(xiàn)代文明的記錄可能是某個隧道內(nèi)的噴涂涂鴉。
Erlitou Civilization (pre-shang) has Proto-Writing similiar to ancient Egypt Hieroglyph. which I find interesting. but it lack Records which quite a shame, maybe because they record in skin or bamboo ? unlike Inscribed in stone
Who knows , we have bronze with inscxtion from Shang and Zhou .
If it's something required on a permanent record they would have cast it or carved .
Any carving on bamboo isn't seen the same way . It's basically a book .
二里頭文明（商朝前）有類似于古埃及象形文字的原始文字，這讓我覺得很有趣。但它缺乏記錄，這很可惜，也許是因為他們用皮革或竹子記錄？不像石刻。
誰知道呢，我們有來自商朝和周朝的刻有銘文的青銅器。
如果需要永久記錄的東西，他們會鑄造或雕刻。
任何竹子上的雕刻都不會以同樣的方式被視為重要。這基本上就是一本書。
There 4 places that is cradle of human civilization. Mesopotamia and Ancient egypt has relatively well preserved. but Yellow river and Indus river valley was not so much
I find it interesting because Chinese collective memory was quite well preserved, like how Qilin was fitting descxtion to what seems to be Ancient Rhinoceroses that used to inhabited China, or how Elephant Bronze relic was found, despite Elephant was extinct from China since 3500 years ago.
Yellow Emperor, suspected to be historical figure. and such interesting figure that enter Chinese collective memory, but lack of Records
I like such stories from such “Age of Myth” - which Ancient China has plenty of that of. is it realy happen.? is it fantasy? The Noah Flood etc, its fringe. but some can be very interesting.
there is Legend of Sangkuriang in Indonesia. it basicly a local legend that used to passed oraly. tldr its told an origin story of a mountain, which involved a young man trying to wooo his own mother, by making a lake and took her for a boat ride. the Interesting thing was there is no Lake to be found in the area.. well, until Geographical record show there it is! but its dried up some 16.000 years ago. how folklore connect to past is fascinating.
thats why its a shame that Pre-Shang has not Inscribing their stories in stone
有四個地方是人類文明的搖籃。美索不達米亞和古埃及保存得相對較好。但黃河和印度河流域就不那么幸運了。
我覺得很有趣，因為中國的集體記憶保存得相當好，比如麒麟的描述似乎符合古代曾居住在中國的犀牛，或者發(fā)現(xiàn)的大象青銅遺物，盡管大象在3500年前就已從中國滅絕。
黃帝，被懷疑是歷史人物。這樣一個有趣的人物進入了中國的集體記憶，但缺乏記錄。
我喜歡這種“神話時代”的故事——古代中國有很多這樣的故事。它真的發(fā)生了嗎？是幻想嗎？諾亞方舟等等，這些都是邊緣話題，但有些故事很有趣。
在印度尼西亞有一個關(guān)于桑庫里揚的傳說?；旧鲜且粋€通過口口相傳的地方傳說。故事簡短，是一個年輕人試圖通過造湖帶母親泛舟的故事。有趣的是，當時沒有湖……直到地理記錄顯示它確實存在！但它在大約16000年前就干涸了。民間傳說與過去的聯(lián)系非常有趣。
這就是為什么前商時期沒有在石頭上銘刻他們的故事的遺憾。
There was a video I watched on Chinese oral traditions/folk stories . The chap mentioned it seems hard to memorise as a lay person but if you get into it most of these guys have a particular formula or format so they're just following the format when reciting the history . It's not so much remembering the words verbatim as it is the sequence and formula
我看過一個關(guān)于中國口述傳統(tǒng)/民間故事的視頻。視頻中提到，作為外行人似乎很難記住這些故事，但如果你深入了解，大多數(shù)人都有特定的公式或格式，因此他們在講述歷史時只是在遵循這些格式。這并不是逐字逐句地記住，而是記住順序和公式。
Most Oral tradition would become poem, prayer or singing. as it easier to remember. the epic of Gilgamesh is basicly 5 chained poems We know that pre xia, there various civilization that distinct to traditional “Chinese Dynasty”. Hemudu people that used to live near Hangzhou was basicly Proto-Austronesian people. and Liangzhu Civilization prob toppled by 4.2 Kiloyear event. that bring Severe Drought to Old Egypt, Akkadian, Indus and severe flood to Liangzhu. which if you bring myth into mix would seemingly correspond to Legend of the Great flood of Gun-Yu. which told massive flood lasting for 2 Generation. which I belive quite fundamental story in Chinese culture
大多數(shù)口頭傳統(tǒng)會成為詩歌、祈禱或歌唱，因為這樣更容易記住?！都獱栙っ朗彩吩姟坊旧鲜俏迨走B鎖詩。我們知道在夏朝之前，有各種不同于傳統(tǒng)“中華王朝”的文明。曾居住在杭州附近的河姆渡人基本上是原始南島人。而良渚文明可能因4200年前的自然災害而被摧毀，該事件導致古埃及、阿卡德、印度和良渚的嚴重干旱。結(jié)合神話的話，這似乎對應于《大禹治水》的傳說，據(jù)說這場洪水持續(xù)了兩代人。我相信這是中國文化中非?；镜墓适?。
This is why the average modern Chinese can easily read texts written more than 2,000 years ago, while the Middle East and the West rely on professionals to decipher texts carved in stone. Because paper allows knowledge to spread quickly, neither wars nor natural disasters interrupt the transmission of knowledge.
這就是為什么普通現(xiàn)代中國人可以輕松閱讀2000多年前的文本，而中東和西方則依賴專業(yè)人員來解讀刻在石頭上的文本。因為紙張允許知識迅速傳播，戰(zhàn)爭或自然災害都不會中斷知識的傳遞。
These books or recorded information would be copied / reprinted. If there were really only a single book or a single sheet of paper, it would be impossible to be widely disseminated and preserved.
這些書籍或記錄的信息會被復制/重印。如果真的只有一本書或一張紙，是不可能廣泛傳播和保存的。
I recently read this article and would like to share it
我最近讀了這篇文章，想分享一下
Wasn't this the beginning of these prophecies (I Ching), which are 5000 years old?
不是《易經(jīng)》最早嗎？它有5000年歷史。
That's more like divination
那更像是占卜。
It's a prophecy anyway. The oldest known divination book also offers philosophical theories on wisdom. It is considered a miracle that it has survived for such a long time.
It's interesting what kind of technique has thousands of years of age, almost the same age as the stone tablet records.
無論如何，這都是一個預言。已知最古老的占卜書也提供了關(guān)于智慧的哲學理論。它能夠保存這么長時間被認為是一個奇跡。
有趣的是，這種技術(shù)有數(shù)千年的歷史，幾乎與石碑記錄的年齡相同。
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Shu King could mean a phonetic translation of 書經(jīng) or 書經(jīng). In Mandarin the translation should be Shu Jing. The meaning is history book or history bible.
Yes, 書 or 書 means documents or documents of history. And 經(jīng) or 經(jīng) means bible.
"Shu King" 可能是書經(jīng)的音譯。在普通話中應該翻譯為"ShuJing"。意思是歷史書或歷史圣經(jīng)。
是的，"書"的意思是文件或歷史文件。"經(jīng)"的意思是圣經(jīng)。
"Shu King" 也可以指蜀國或四川的國王。早在公元前2000年就有這樣的國王。
Shu King is often used to refer to 尚書
"Shu King" 通常用來指代《尚書》。
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WOW. FIRST TIME WRITTEN RECORDS OF CHINA IS EXPLAINED. I CAN CONCUR SIR WITH YOU. THANK YOU
哇，第一次解釋了中國的書面記錄。我同意你的說法。謝謝。
The Zhou Kings required his Lords of each State to record not only important events of his state, but also those of neighboring states. Those records are ‘time-stamped” with dates and astrological observations made of the night sky, such as planetary and star positions, the calculation methods of which were kept to the Zhou court astronomers.
This can be seen as an early form of block-chain records. Each year the Zhou king collect those records from the lords of each state under him and cross-references them for consistency. Like, why your state did not record this event while your neighbours did? Or, why did this event you claimed happened on a different date with different astrological observation to his? And with this the Zhou king keeps tabs on his realm.
Later dynasties since Qin with centralised bureaucracy rather than feudalistic governance no longer use ‘event recording’ as main form of control, but the seriousness and exactness of maintaining ‘historical’ records remained.
周朝的國王要求各國的諸侯不僅要記錄本國的重要事件，還要記錄鄰國的事件。這些記錄帶有日期和夜空的天文觀測，比如行星和星星的位置，其計算方法由周朝的天文學家保管。
這可以看作是一種早期的區(qū)塊鏈記錄。每年，周王會收集各國諸侯的記錄，并相互參照以保持一致性。比如，為什么你的國家沒有記錄這個事件，而你的鄰國卻記錄了？或者，為什么你聲稱發(fā)生的事件與其他國家記錄的日期和天文觀測不同？通過這種方式，周王掌控了他的領土。
自秦朝以來，后來的朝代由于集權(quán)的官僚體系取代了封建統(tǒng)治，不再將"事件記錄"作為主要控制手段，但保持“歷史”記錄的嚴肅性和準確性依然存在。
Isn’t the first history book in China the "Spring and Autumn Annals" written by Confucius?
中國第一本歷史書不是孔子寫的《春秋》嗎？
The Book of Documents appeared earlier than the Spring and Autumn Annals. In fact, when the Book of Documents appeared, Confucianism had not yet been born. The Confucian version of the Book of Documents is essentially a revised version.
《尚書》出現(xiàn)的時間早于《春秋》。事實上，當《尚書》出現(xiàn)時，儒家尚未誕生。儒家版的《尚書》本質(zhì)上是修訂版。