印度如何辜負了受過教育的年輕人
How India Is Failing Its Educated Youth
譯文簡介
印度是世界上增長最快的主要經(jīng)濟體。然而，它正在努力為其不斷增長的人口創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會。根據(jù)研究，20至24歲人群的失業(yè)率已上升至42%以上，這是總理納倫德拉·莫迪面臨的一個關鍵挑戰(zhàn)，他希望到2047年使印度成為發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體。
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印度如何辜負了受過教育的年輕人
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India is the world's fastest growing major economy. Yet, it’s struggling to create jobs for its expanding population. According to research, unemployment for those aged 20 to 24 has risen to over 42%. It’s a key challenge for Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who hopes to achieve developed economy status for the country by 2047.
印度是世界上增長最快的主要經(jīng)濟體。然而，它正在努力為其不斷增長的人口創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會。根據(jù)研究，20至24歲人群的失業(yè)率已上升至42%以上，這是總理納倫德拉·莫迪面臨的一個關鍵挑戰(zhàn)，他希望到2047年使印度成為發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體。
The biggest problem in India is that if you dont find employment within 1 year of graduating you will never find employment because then the next batch of 24 million people come and the companies prefer freshers.
印度最大的問題是如果你在畢業(yè)一年內找不到工作，你就永遠找不到工作了，因為接下來會有2400萬新人進入市場，而公司更喜歡應屆生。
We are growing on paper but in reality our income is destroyed by inflation. Only politicians and billionaires are developing.
我們在紙面上在增長，但實際上我們的收入被通貨膨脹吞噬了，只有政治家和億萬富翁在發(fā)展。
Job crisis is sky high at the moment and Rich people are only getting rich while the middle class and poor people are suffering.
目前的就業(yè)危機非常嚴重，富人越來越富，而中產(chǎn)階級和窮人卻在受苦。
And even if you get a job, a large portion of your salary goes to the government as tax. If you question the return on investment of that tax, you're labeled as anti-national by the media, which has been bought with your tax money by the ruling party.
即使你找到工作，你的大部分工資也會作為稅收交給政府。如果你質疑這些稅收的投資回報，你就會被媒體貼上“反國家”的標簽，而這些媒體是被執(zhí)政黨用你的稅收錢收買的。
Encouraging small businesses is the only way to create jobs. But with the current red tape and sky high taxation, it's impossible to run a small business without getting a heart attack at 35.
鼓勵小型企業(yè)是創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的唯一途徑，但在當前的繁文縟節(jié)和高額稅收下，經(jīng)營一家小企業(yè)而不在35歲時心臟病發(fā)作是不可能的。
But according to our ruling party, India faces no employment problem, everyone is happy ?? Meanwhile according to World Bank “India may take nearly 75 years just to reach one-quarter of US income per capita” LoL
但根據(jù)我們的執(zhí)政黨的說法，印度不存在就業(yè)問題，每個人都很開心。與此同時，根據(jù)世界銀行的說法，“印度可能需要近75年才能達到美國人均收入的四分之一”，哈哈。
The problem in our country is long term planning. Politicians are just working to get votes after five years and are no held accountable at all. Our politicians are people who should be furthest from running the country.
我們國家的問題是缺乏長期規(guī)劃，政治家們只是在為五年后的選票工作，他們根本不負責任。我們的政治家是最不應該管理國家的人。
The government of India does not seem concerned about developing quality labor. Recently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Singapore, where the government spends 13 percent of its budget on education infrastructure, while our government spends only 2.5 percent. You can imagine how India will prepare high-quality labor under these circumstances. The current government's only concern is how to stay in power, with no interest in the country's development.
印度政府似乎并不關心培養(yǎng)高質量的勞動力。最近，總理納倫德拉·莫迪訪問了新加坡，該國政府將13%的預算用于教育基礎設施，而我們的政府只花費2.5%。你可以想象印度在這種情況下如何培養(yǎng)高質量的勞動力。當前政府唯一關心的是如何保住權力，他們對國家的發(fā)展毫無興趣。
It's really sad to see so many of us having to leave our homes, our state, and even our country just to find a job. Sometimes I feel like it's a curse to be Indian.
看到我們這么多人不得不離開家、離開邦，甚至離開國家只是為了找到一份工作真是令人難過，有時我覺得成為印度人是一種詛咒。
Bloomberg should play this video at film festivals so that the Indian govt will feel enough embarrassment and try to bring new methods in the education system.
彭博社應該在電影節(jié)上播放這段視頻，這樣印度政府會感到足夠的尷尬并嘗試在教育系統(tǒng)中引入新方法。
India is one of the most unfortunate countries in the world because of one of the most corrupted and uneducated politicians with no insight at all. They just fight between each other and make public statements against each other. We seriously need a political reform and independence from the current political leadership/system.
印度是世界上最不幸的國家之一，因為它擁有最腐敗和無知的政客，他們毫無洞察力，他們只是互相爭斗并公開互相攻擊。我們迫切需要政治改革，擺脫當前的政治領導/體制。
No matter which party you support, the truth is Indian politics is really really bad and is one of the big reasons for this condition in our country today.
無論你支持哪個政黨，事實是印度政治非常糟糕，這是我們國家今天這種狀況的主要原因之一。
As an Indian who struggled with employment, it is not easy. Too many people, too few jobs. Companies pay peanuts and expect you to work 12 hours. Getting out is the only option in this country.
作為一個在就業(yè)中掙扎的印度人，這并不容易。人太多，工作太少。公司支付微薄的薪水，卻期望你工作12小時。離開這個國家是唯一的出路。
China has proved you can run a country smoothly even with such a large population. If India doesn't, that's definitely the fault of the government and private sector both.
中國已經(jīng)證明即使人口如此龐大，也可以順利管理一個國家。如果印度做不到，那絕對是政府和私營部門的錯。
People of America, rich in Middle East countries, Europe, East Asians (except North Korea), whenever you feel low or depressed, just remind yourself that you already have passed 80% of the obstacles in life by just being born in these countries and aren't born in India, Pakistan, or Bangladesh, and be grateful for it.
美國人、中東富國、歐洲人、東亞人（除了朝鮮），每當你感到低落或沮喪時，只需提醒自己，你出生在這些國家（而不是出生在印度、巴基斯坦或孟加拉國）就已經(jīng)克服了生活中80%的障礙并為此感到感激。
It is apparently so bad that 80% of my applicants are Indian looking for a remote job. I live in Germany and do not offer a remote job; they apply anyway. The CVs are usually so filled with anything that they apparently can get a hold of. So many certificates of literally everything are listed under skills, and it overwhelms me.
顯然情況非常糟糕，80%的申請者是印度人，他們在尋找遠程工作。我生活在德國，不提供遠程工作，但他們還是申請了。他們的簡歷通常充滿了他們能拿出的一切東西，幾乎所有東西的證書都列在技能下，這讓我不知所措。
Indian here living in New Zealand: I left India in 2019 and now happily living in New Zealand because here basic human needs and infrastructure are strong enough, and control on population is balanced in NZ. Unfortunately, after gaining independence in 1947, India’s policymakers or politicians didn’t improve basic human needs like jobs, housing, education, healthcare. Yes, India is diverse and big enough, but solving these problems is a huge challenge. Moreover, the average income of rural residents could be as low as $10 per month. I just hope politicians now come out from reality and stop giving attention only to voters but take India to compete with future challenges.
我是生活在新西蘭的印度人：我于2019年離開印度，現(xiàn)在幸福地生活在新西蘭，因為這里的基本人類需求和基礎設施足夠強大，人口控制也很平衡。不幸的是1947年獨立后，印度的政策制定者或政客們沒有改善就業(yè)、住房、教育、醫(yī)療等基本人類需求。是的，印度是多樣化和龐大的，但解決這些問題是一個巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。此外，農(nóng)村居民的平均收入可能低至每月10美元。我只希望政客們現(xiàn)在能面對現(xiàn)實，不再只關注選民，而是帶領印度應對未來的挑戰(zhàn)。
3:32 is one of the most important points. My dad was an ECE graduate back in 1997. He looked at my college's syllabus and said, "Boy, they are still teaching this to you?" Colleges these days think the bare minimum knowledge on a subject is sufficient for students to enter the industry. The thing is, the bare minimum has changed a lot in 20 years.
3:32是最重要的點之一。我父親是1997年的電子與通信工程畢業(yè)生，他看了我大學的課程大綱，說：“孩子，他們還在教你這些東西？”如今的大學認為一門學科的最低限度知識足以讓學生進入行業(yè)。問題是20年來，最低限度已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大變化。
It’s not just India. My associate runs an engineering firm. It advertised for engineers, and about a hundred applicants of Indian nationality applied. Some of them were recruited, but none of them passed the probation period. Their skill set was not commensurate to what they had listed on their applications.
不僅僅是印度。我的合伙人經(jīng)營一家工程公司，他們招聘工程師，大約有一百名印度國籍的申請者申請。其中一些人被錄用了，但沒有一個通過試用期，因為他們的技能與他們在申請中列出的內容不符。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://mintwatchbillionaireclub.com 轉載請注明出處
I run a startup, and every time I post a job offer, I get bombarded with low/no-skilled candidates. They expect 25k to 30k per month. I am not an idiot to hire these people and pay them high salaries.
我經(jīng)營一家初創(chuàng)公司，每次發(fā)布招聘信息時，我都會收到大量低技能或無技能候選人的申請，他們期望每月25k到30k。我不是傻瓜，不會雇傭這些人并支付高薪。
Regretting being born in India. Not only is it largely poor, but the thing that makes me really upset is it's terribly divided into various castes—not only Hindu but Muslim, Christian, Buddhist, Sikh too. At least abolish this caste system. This was the main reason why this land was very easy to invade and colonize.
我后悔出生在印度。印度不僅大部分地區(qū)貧窮，真正讓我沮喪的是它被嚴重劃分為各種種姓——不僅是印度教，還有穆斯林、基督教、佛教、錫克教。印度至少應該廢除這種種姓制度，因為這是這片土地容易被入侵和殖民的主要原因。
India could have been neck and neck with China, but the caste system, nepotism, lack of foresight, the absent birth regulation, and the lack of discipline from the population drove it to where it is now. They need to address these issues to take off.
印度本可以與中國并駕齊驅，但種姓制度、裙帶關系、缺乏遠見、沒有生育控制以及民眾缺乏紀律性導致它走到了今天的地步，他們需要解決這些問題才能起飛。
The first thing is that India should telecast the contestants running for the prime minister post on debates on television. That will solve half of the problems primarily. Because an illiterate won't stand a chance against a literate! The contestants should talk about what they will do if they come to power. If they are playing religion and caste cards, throw their ideologies away from your mind and give a chance to the genuine one.
首先，印度應該在電視上直播競選總理職位的候選人的辯論，這將主要解決一半的問題，因為文盲無法與有文化的人競爭！候選人應該談論他們上臺后會做什么。如果他們打宗教和種姓牌，就把他們的意識形態(tài)從你的腦海中拋開，給真正的人一個機會。
Bloomberg is wrong about Indian women's workforce being low. Women in India or any other country are not willing to settle for small jobs unless their survival is a disaster.
彭博社關于印度女性勞動力低的說法是錯誤的，印度或任何其他國家的女性都不愿意接受低微的工作，除非她們的生存面臨災難。
In India, neither the government nor the opposition talks about education reforms, which are the main reason behind it. Students are still taught old syllabus, which is outdated and of no use in the industry today.
在印度，無論是政府還是反對派都沒有談論教育改革，這是問題的根本原因。學生們仍然在學習過時的課程大綱，這些大綱在今天已經(jīng)過時，對行業(yè)毫無用處。
One major issue is India never truly industrialized. There was a golden opportunity in the 70s and 80s where India could have opened up, removed red tape and bureaucracy, and made it easier for industry, but the govt's back then were on socialist fantasies. The economy opened up in 91 when this opportunity had passed, and it was done only because the IMF asked India to do it to avoid going bankrupt. But still, so much bureaucracy remains, and it obviously leads to corruption. If you have to get signatures from 100 officials who make you run around to set up something, it discourages people from setting up shop.
一個主要問題是印度從未真正實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化。上世紀70年代和80年代有一個黃金機會，印度可以開放，消除繁文縟節(jié)和官僚主義，使工業(yè)更容易發(fā)展，但當時的政府沉迷于社會主義幻想。印度經(jīng)濟在1991年開放，當時這個機會已經(jīng)過去，而且只是因為國際貨幣基金組織要求印度這樣做以避免破產(chǎn)。但官僚主義仍然存在，顯然這導致了腐敗。如果你必須從100個官員那里獲得簽名，他們讓你四處奔波才能設立某樣東西，這會阻礙人們開店。
I am from AP. Here we have a huge labor shortage for handyman jobs like plumber, painter, carpenter, electrician, AC repair, mechanic, etc. It seems like it's easy to get an IT guy for 15k/month, but it's very tough to get a plumber, painter, carpenter, electrician, AC repair, etc., not less than 1000-1200/day. Therefore, my suggestion to unemployed youth is to learn these handyman jobs and become professionals in that area. If you are pro, then you can make 30,000/month easily in your local places. Please don't stick to your diploma/engineering degrees and wait forever.
I recently visited Europe and the USA; there, people with college degrees do handyman jobs and feel proud of their work with dignity of labor. I see most of the Musli... are learning and settling their lives easily, but Hindus are feeling shy to enter. My barber is a Muslim boy. Musli... feel proud about their work. I think Hindu parents need to change their mindset and encourage their kids to be independent at least by the time they turn 21 years old.
我來自安得拉邦，我們這里非常缺乏水管工、油漆工、木匠、電工、空調維修工、機械工等手工藝工作。似乎很容易找到每月15000盧比的IT人員，但很難找到水管工、油漆工、木匠、電工、空調維修工等，他們每天的收入不少于1000-1200盧比。因此，我對失業(yè)青年的建議是學習這些手工藝并成為該領域的專業(yè)人士。如果你是專業(yè)人士，那么你可以在當?shù)剌p松賺取30000盧比/月。請不要堅持你的文憑/工程學位并永遠等待。
我最近訪問了歐洲和美國；在那里，擁有大學學位的人從事手工藝工作并為自己的工作感到自豪，他們尊重勞動。我看到大多數(shù)穆斯林正在學習并輕松安頓生活，但印度教徒卻羞于進入。我的理發(fā)師是一個穆斯林男孩，穆斯林對他們的工作感到自豪。我認為印度教父母需要改變他們的心態(tài)并鼓勵他們的孩子至少在21歲時獨立。
My 2 cents. I think the biggest difference between the two countries is people's mindset. Through so many ups and downs, Chinese people, especially the Chinese leaders, are accustomed to facing big challenges and difficulties, and even eagerly looking forward to revolutionary changes and disruptive reforms. Meanwhile, in India, national independence was earned through non-violent and non-cooperation movements; changes are usually happening in a more gradual, slow, and passive way because India hasn't faced big crises, violent revolutions, and radical reforms in its recent history. People rarely want to get out of their comfort zone because they don't have to. The mindset of the Indian people is more about opportunistic thinking than strategic thinking, and too much diversity, conflicting interests, and chaotic democracy lead to low efficiency and shortsighted (sometimes self-defeating) decisions.
我的一點淺見。我認為兩國之間最大的區(qū)別是人們的思維方式。經(jīng)過如此多的起伏，中國人，尤其是中國高層，習慣于面對巨大的挑戰(zhàn)和困難，甚至渴望革命性的變化和顛覆性的改革。與此同時，在印度，國家獨立是通過非暴力和不合作運動獲得的，變化通常以更漸進、緩慢和被動的方式發(fā)生，因為印度在近代歷史上沒有面臨重大危機、暴力革命和激進改革。人們很少想走出舒適區(qū)，因為他們不必這樣做。印度人的思維方式更傾向于機會主義思維而不是戰(zhàn)略思維，過多的多樣性、利益沖突和混亂的民主導致低效率和短視（有時是自毀）的決策。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://mintwatchbillionaireclub.com 轉載請注明出處
Most of the India-educated youths are yearning to leave India altogether. The brighter the mind, the more desperate they are to leave. They can see through India's Hindu nationalism. The BJP is regressing India into medi times.
大多數(shù)在印度受過教育的青年都渴望徹底離開印度。頭腦越聰明，他們就越迫切地想要離開。他們看透了印度的印度教民族主義，印度人民黨正在將印度倒退到中世紀。
Yet IMF & World Bank keep declaring India is the fastest-growing economy in the world. Where is the growth coming from? These figures are overblown because India has implemented neoliberal policies that focus on finance and services and not manufacturing.
然而，國際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行不斷宣布印度是世界上增長最快的經(jīng)濟體，增長從何而來？這些數(shù)字被夸大了，因為印度實施了以金融和服務而不是制造業(yè)為重點的新自由主義政策。
Most of the youths here have a doomer life. Tired of unemployment, uneven wealth distribution, corruption, and a lot more. Deep down, everyone has a feeling of just leaving and settling somewhere else. And that's really heartbreaking.
這里的大多數(shù)青年過著絕望的生活，他們厭倦了失業(yè)、財富分配不均、腐敗等等。在內心深處，每個人都有一種離開并在其他地方定居的感覺，這真是令人心碎。
We have failed as a nation. No meritocracy, reservations all around, no manufacturing jobs, no skilled workforce, rampant corruption all around, entitlement mindset, no control over population, poor infrastructure, poorer education, AI and automation age looming. Seems like very bleak prospects for this country in the coming decades. The rich will become richer. The poor and middle class will become poorer. Instead of becoming a developed country by 2047, India will become poorer than what we are now. No future for the educated in this country.
我們作為一個國家已經(jīng)失敗了。沒有精英制度，到處都是保留制度，沒有制造業(yè)工作，沒有熟練的勞動力，腐敗猖獗，權利心態(tài)，無法控制人口，基礎設施差，教育更差，人工智能和自動化時代即將到來。未來幾十年，這個國家的前景似乎非常黯淡。富人將變得更富，窮人和中產(chǎn)階級將變得更窮。到2047年，印度不僅不會成為發(fā)達國家，反而會比現(xiàn)在更窮。這個國家的受過教育的人沒有未來。
Politicians have failed india. I am a small retail shop owner and trust me economy is currently in bad phase and small retail business are loosing business due to unleveled competion in market. Current, past and any upcoming government is least interested in middle class. For poor citizens- plenty of subsidies, For Rich plentiful of exemptions and tax rebates while middle class-nothing. From 7 to 8 years this government have failed to focus on consumption. Owing a house is out of pocket for middle class. Transportation and traffic congestion in cities are aggravated the condition badly. On top of that air pollution has made India unlivable.
政客們辜負了印度。我是一家小型零售店的店主，相信我，目前經(jīng)濟狀況不佳，由于市場的不公平競爭，小型零售業(yè)務正在失去生意。當前、過去和任何未來的政府對中產(chǎn)階級最不感興趣。對貧困公民——大量補貼，對富人——大量免稅和稅收減免，而對中產(chǎn)階級——什么都沒有。過去7到8年，這屆政府未能關注消費問題。買房對中產(chǎn)階級來說已經(jīng)負擔不起。城市的交通和擁堵嚴重惡化了情況。除此之外，空氣污染使印度變得不宜居。
India's population is 1.44 billion, while the total population of whole Europe, with more than 45 countries, is about 740 million. Total population of whole Africa is 1.2 billion people with 50+ countries. Only other country with billion plus population is China. However compared to India, China is a highly homogeneous country with 90% Han Chinese population and 80% of the population speaks the same language, Mandarin Chinese. The most spoken language in India is Hindi, spoken by only 48% of the population, and this includes dialects like haryanvi, Bhojpuri. Standard Hindi is spoken by only 27% of the population. India is subcontinent functioning as a country and hard to govern in effective manner.
印度的人口為14.4億，而整個歐洲（包括45多個國家）的總人口約為7.4億。整個非洲的總人口為12億，分布在50多個國家。另一個擁有超過10億人口的國家是中國。然而，與印度相比，中國是一個高度同質化的國家，90%的人口是漢族，80%的人口使用同一種語言——普通話。印度最常用的語言是印地語，只有48%的人口使用，其中還包括哈里亞納語、博杰普爾語等方言，標準印地語只有27%的人口使用。印度是一個作為國家運作的次大陸，它難以進行有效的治理。
India needs to create jobs, attract foreign investments, etc. Your foreign minister instead of trying to lure foreign investors into the country, goes round the world trying to project to the world that India is a super power!
印度需要創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會，吸引外國投資等。你們的外交部長沒有努力吸引外國投資者進入印度，反而在世界各地奔走，試圖向世界展示印度是一個超級大國！